12. The Central Nervous System

Mark the following statements about the spinal cord as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

a. The spinal cord functions as a relay and processing station.

Mark the following statements about the spinal cord as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

b. The spinal cord extends from the foramen magnum to the level between the first and second lumbar vertebrae.

Mark the following statements about the spinal cord as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

c. The epidural space around the spinal cord is only a potential space.

Mark the following statements about the spinal cord as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

d. The posterior horn of spinal gray matter contains the cell bodies of motor neurons.

Mark the following statements on the role of the brain in movement as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement. 

a. The dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra enhance the actions of the caudate nucleus and putamen.

Mark the following statements on the role of the brain in movement as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement. 

b. The cerebellum monitors the initiation of movement but does not monitor ongoing movements. 

Mark the following statements on the role of the brain in movement as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement. 

c. The basal nuclei inhibit inappropriate movements and are required for the initiation of movement. 

Mark the following statements on the role of the brain in movement as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement. 

d. The correction of motor error by the cerebellum can occur over the long term by motor learning.

Fill in the blanks: The two components of the CNS that are responsible for maintenance of homeostasis are the_____and the______. 

Which of the following statements is false? 

a. The suprachiasmatic nucleus is often called the body's 'master clock.' 

b. Melatonin and the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus increase the activity of the reticular formation. 

c. A decrease in the activity of the reticular formation disconnects the thalamus from the cerebral cortex and decreases the level of consciousness. 

d. Orexins are neurotransmitters that stimulate the reticular formation.

Match the term on the left with its correct description from the column on the right.     

____REM sleep     

____Stage I sleep     

____Delta waves     

____Beta waves     

____Theta waves     

____Stage IV sleep

a. The EEG pattern seen in the deepest stage of sleep

b. The deepest stage of sleep

c. The EEG pattern seen in an alert, awake adult

d. Drowsiness or the lightest stage of sleep

e. The EEG pattern seen in lighter stages of sleep

f. The stage of sleep during which most dreaming takes place

The part of the brain responsible for the production of language is known as:

a. Wernicke's area.

b. the prefrontal cortex.

c. the auditory association area.

d. Broca's area.

Fill in the blanks: Declarative memories are formed by the process of _____ that takes place in the_____, and are stored in the_____. 

Which of the following is not a component of emotion?

a. Visceral motor responses mediated by the hypothalamus

b. Somatic motor responses mediated by the limbic system and the hypothalamus

c. Somatic motor responses mediated by the upper motor neurons of the corticospinal tracts

d. Subjective feelings mediated by the amygdala and the cerebral cortex

In a diving accident, Arlene damages the left side of her upper thoracic spinal cord. On which side of the body will she lose: muscle control, tactile sensation, and pain sensation? Explain.