1. A Review of General Chemistry

Draw the important resonance forms to show the delocalization of charges in the following ions. In each case, indicate the major resonance form(s).

(j)

(k)

b. Draw the resonance forms for ozone (bonded O–O–O)

c. Sulfur dioxide has one more resonance form than ozone. Explain why this structure is not possible for ozone.

a. Draw the resonance forms for SO₂ (bonded O–S–O).

Draw the important resonance forms of the following cations and anions:

(c)

(d)

Draw the important resonance forms for the following molecules and ions.

(d) NO₃^–

(e) NO₂^–

(f)

Draw the important resonance forms for the following molecules and ions.

(a) CO₃^2–

(b)

(c)

Determine whether the following pairs of structures are actually different compounds or simply resonance forms of the same compounds.

e.

f.

g.

h.

Determine whether the following pairs of structures are actually different compounds or simply resonance forms of the same compounds.

i.

j.

k.

l.

Determine whether the following pairs of structures are actually different compounds or simply resonance forms of the same compounds.

a.

b.

c.

d.

The following compound can become protonated on any of the three nitrogen atoms. One of these nitrogens is much more basic than the others, however.

a. Draw the important resonance forms of the products of protonation on each of the three nitrogen atoms.

Two resonance structures are shown for each molecule. Use the arrow-pushing formalism to represent the electron flow from the structure on the left to the one on the right.

(e)

Each pair of structures represents two valid resonance structures. Use the arrow-pushing formalism to justify the formation of the one on the left from the one on the right.

(a)

Each pair of structures represents two valid resonance structures. Use the arrow-pushing formalism to justify the formation of the one on the left from the one on the right.

(b)

Draw the resonance structure that would result from the indicated movement of electrons.

(a)

For each of the molecules shown, do the following:

(i) Identify all pushable pairs.

(ii) Identify all places where electrons can be pushed.

(iii) Draw one valid resonance structure.

(a)