Which of the following substances or processes kills microorganisms on laboratory surfaces?


a. antiseptics
b. disinfectants
c. degermers
d. pasteurization

If a gene encoding a bacterial transpeptidase enzyme undergoes mutation, which of the following antimicrobials may no longer be effective against the mutated bacterium?

a. Macrolides

b. Polypeptide drugs

c. Tetracyclines

d. Penicillins

e. Quinolones

Which of the following disinfectants acts against cell membranes?

a. phenol

b. peracetic acid

c. silver nitrate

d. glutaraldehyde

Which antimicrobial chemical has been used to sterilize spacecraft?

a. phenol

b. alcohol

c. heavy metal

d. ethylene oxide

Which class of surfactant is most soluble in water?

a. quaternary ammonium compounds

b. alcohols

c. soaps

d. peracetic acids

The microbial death rate is used to measure the effectiveness of            .

a. a detergent

b. an antiseptic

c. sanitization techniques

d. all of the above

Which of the following statements is true concerning the selection of an antimicrobial agent?

a. An ideal antimicrobial agent is stable during storage.

b. An ideal antimicrobial agent is fast acting.

c. Ideal microbial agents do not exist.

d. All of the above are correct.

Describe three types of microbes that are extremely resistant to antimicrobial treatment, and explain why they are resistant.

Compare and contrast four tests that have been developed to measure the effectiveness of disinfectants.