A frantic mother comes into your clinic because her two-year-old child has had a very high fever for two days now, with mild diarrhea and coldlike symptoms. As you consider the differential list, which is the most likely causative agent if the fever breaks and is replaced with a rash by tomorrow? (NCLEX/HESI/TEAS)
a. Human parvovirus B19
b. Hand, foot, and mouth disease
c. Roseola
d. Rubella
e. Measles

Select the true statements about SARS-CoV-2. (Select all that apply.) (NCLEX/HESI/TEAS)

a. It causes COVID-19.

b. It is vaccine preventable.

c. The FDA has approved hydroxychloroquine to treat infections with this virus.

d. It is considered a zoonotic infection.

e. It causes a form of viral pneumonia.

Which of the following would you expect for a SARS-CoV-2 variant that is classified as a variant of interest? (Select all that apply.) (NCLEX/HESI/TEAS)

a. The isolated virus is genetically unique as compared to earlier circulating versions of SARS-CoV-2.

b. There is evidence that the variant completely evades vaccine-induced immunity.

c. The variant is broadly detectable with current diagnostic tools.

d. The variant can cause viral pneumonia.

e. Infections caused by the variant are not treatable with existing approved drug therapies.

Which lesion/rash is mismatched with the disease?

a. Ulcer – inflammatory acne

b. Honey-colored crusted lesion – impetigo

c. Papule rash – wart

d. Maculopapular rash – measles

e. Vesicular rash – chickenpox

Match the following:

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Your patient is reminiscing about her childhood diseases while reviewing her medical history. She claims she had a really bad case of rubella (German measles) when she was a child and that she was very sick. You think she is confusing it with rubeola (measles) because: (NCLEX/HESI/TEAS)

a. measles can cause congenital rubella syndrome.

b. German measles causes a mild rash and is not likely to make a patient very sick.

c. the largest concern is for secondary infections like pneumonia.

d. she didn’t mention Koplik’s spots in the mouth or raised lesions.

e. the raised red rash usually begins on the trunk and spreads from there.

A 65-year-old patient calls the nursing hotline to ask about some painful blisters arranged in a band on one side of his waist. After hearing about the lesions, you ask him if he had chickenpox as a child. This is because you feel you are hearing about a case of: (NCLEX/HESI/TEAS)

a. candidiasis.

b. measles.

c. herpes.

d. shingles.

e. rubella.

During a lumbar puncture procedure, the nurse observed that the patient’s CSF pressure was high. However, when the analysis of the CSF sample comes back, the glucose levels are normal. The nurse would most likely suspect: (NCLEX/HESI/TEAS)

a. arboviral meningitis.

b. Neisseria meningitidis.

c. Listeria monocytogenes.

d. poliovirus.

A vaccine against Listeria monocytogenes is a challenge to develop because

a. very few people get Listeria meningitis.

b. the antibody-mediated immune response is not effective against L. monocytogenes.

c. better prevention approaches exist, such as food preparation precautions.

d. vaccinations are not used for foodborne illness.