Differentiate the following terms. Which one is “hit and miss”—that is, does not add a specific gene to a cell?
a. protoplast fusion
b. gene gun
c. microinjection
d. electroporation

Nucleotides used in the replication of DNA __________ .

a. carry energy

b. are found in four forms, each with a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate, and a base

c. are present in cells as triphosphate nucleotides

d. All of the above are correct.

Which of the following is incorrect regarding DNA replication forks?

What is the function of the enzyme topoisomerase in DNA replication?

Compare and contrast the following terms:

a. cDNA and gene

b. DNA probe and gene

c. DNA polymerase and DNA ligase

d. rDNA and cDNA

e. genome and proteome

Some commonly used restriction enzymes are listed in Table 9.1.

a. Indicate which enzymes produce sticky ends.

b. Of what value are sticky ends in making rDNA?

DRAW IT Identify and mark each of the following in making cDNA: transcription, RNA processing, reverse transcription, DNA polymerase, cDNA.

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Describe an rDNA experiment in two or three sentences. Use the following terms: intron, exon, DNA, mRNA, cDNA, RNA polymerase, reverse transcriptase.

A daughter DNA molecule is composed of one original strand and one new strand because DNA replication is __________ .