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Problem 81b
Which is the stronger base, the acetate ion or the hypochlorite ion?
Problem 81c
Calculate Kb values for CH3COO- and ClO-.
Problem 82a
Given that Kb for ammonia is 1.8 × 10-5 and that for hydroxylamine is 1.1 × 10-8, which is the stronger base?
Problem 82b
Which is the stronger acid, the ammonium ion or the hydroxylammonium ion?
- Using data from Appendix D, calculate [OH-] and pH for each of the following solutions: (a) 0.10 M NaBrO (b) 0.080 M NaHS (c) a mixture that is 0.10 M in NaNO2 and 0.20 M in Ca(NO3)2.
Problem 83
Problem 84b
Using data from Appendix D, calculate 3OH-4 and pH for each of the following solutions: (b) 0.035 M Na2S
- A solution of sodium acetate (NaCH3COO) has a pH of 9.70. What is the molarity of the solution?
Problem 85
Problem 86a
Pyridinium bromide 1C5H5NHBr2 is a strong electrolyte that dissociates completely into C5H5NH+ and Br-. An aqueous solution of pyridinium bromide has a pH of 2.95. (a) Write out the reaction that leads to this acidic pH.
Problem 86b
Pyridinium bromide 1C5H5NHBr2 is a strong electrolyte that dissociates completely into C5H5NH+ and Br-. An aqueous solution of pyridinium bromide has a pH of 2.95. (b) Using Appendix D, calculate the Ka for pyridinium bromide.
Problem 86c
Pyridinium bromide 1C5H5NHBr2 is a strong electrolyte that dissociates completely into C5H5NH+ and Br-. An aqueous solution of pyridinium bromide has a pH of 2.95. (c) A solution of pyridinium bromide has a pH of 2.95. What is the concentration of the pyridinium cation at equilibrium, in units of molarity?
Problem 87c
Predict whether aqueous solutions of the following compounds are acidic, basic, or neutral: (c) Na2CO3
Problem 88a
Predict whether aqueous solutions of the following substances are acidic, basic, or neutral: (a) AlCl3
Problem 88b
Predict whether aqueous solutions of the following substances are acidic, basic, or neutral: (b) NaBr
Problem 88c
Predict whether aqueous solutions of the following substances are acidic, basic, or neutral: (c) NaClO
Problem 88d
Predict whether aqueous solutions of the following substances are acidic, basic, or neutral: (d) 3CH3NH34NO3
Problem 88e
Predict whether aqueous solutions of the following substances are acidic, basic, or neutral: (e) Na2SO3.
- Predict which member of each pair produces the more acidic aqueous solution: (a) K+ or Cu2+ (b) Fe2+ or Fe3+ (c) Al3+ or Ga3+.
Problem 89
Problem 90
Which member of each pair produces the more acidic aqueous solution: (a) ZnBr2 or CdCl2 (b) CuCl or Cu(NO3)2 (c) Ca(NO3)2 or NiBr2
Problem 91
An unknown salt is either NaF, NaCl, or NaOCl. When 0.050 mol of the salt is dissolved in water to form 0.500 L of solution, the pH of the solution is 8.08. What is the identity of the salt?
Problem 92
An unknown salt is either KBr, NH4Cl, KCN, or K2CO3. If a 0.100 M solution of the salt is neutral, what is the identity of the salt?
- Predict the stronger acid in each pair: (a) HNO3 or HNO2 (b) H2SO4 or H2SeO4 (c) CH3COOH or CCl3COOH.
Problem 93
Problem 94c
Predict the stronger acid in each pair: (c) HBrO3 or HBrO2
Problem 94e
Predict the stronger acid in each pair: (e) benzoic acid (C6H5COOH) or phenol (C6H5OH).
Problem 95b
Based on their compositions and structures and on conjugate acid–base relationships, select the stronger base in each of the following pairs: (b) BrO- or BrO2-
Problem 96b
Based on their compositions and structures and on conjugate acid–base relationships, select the stronger base in each of the following pairs: (b) PO43- or AsO43-
Problem 97c
Indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false. For each statement that is false, correct the statement to make it true. (a) In general, the acidity of binary acids increases from left to right in a given row of the periodic table. (b) In a series of acids that have the same central atom, acid strength increases with the number of hydrogen atoms bonded to the central atom. (c) Hydrotelluric acid 1H2Te2 is a stronger acid than H2S because Te is more electronegative than S.
Problem 98
Indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false. For each statement that is false, correct the statement to make it true. (a) Acid strength in a series of H¬A molecules increases with increasing size of A. (b) For acids of the same general structure but differing electronegativities of the central atoms, acid strength decreases with increasing electronegativity of the central atom. (c) The strongest acid known is HF because fluorine is the most electronegative element.
Problem 99c
Indicate whether each of the following statements is correct or incorrect. (c) Conjugate acids of weak bases produce more acidic solutions than conjugate acids of strong bases.
Problem 99d
Indicate whether each of the following statements is correct or incorrect. (d) K+ ion is acidic in water because it causes hydrating water molecules to become more acidic.
Problem 100
A solution is made by adding 0.300 g Ca1OH221s2, 50.0 mL of 1.40 M HNO3, and enough water to make a final volume of 75.0 mL. Assuming that all of the solid dissolves, what is the pH of the final solution?