8. Joints

The structures that limit the range of motion of a joint and provide mechanical support across or around the joint are (a) bursae, (b) tendons, (c) menisci, (d) all of these.

Joint movements may be nonaxial, uniaxial, biaxial, or multiaxial. Define what each of these terms means.

Name two types of uniaxial, biaxial, and multiaxial joints.

Abduction and adduction always refer to movements of the (a) axial skeleton, (b) appendicular skeleton, (c) skull, (d) vertebral column.

Rotation of the forearm that makes the palm face posteriorly is (a) supination, (b) pronation, (c) proliferation, (d) projection.

Compare the structure, function, and common body locations of bursae and tendon sheaths.

A saddle joint permits _____ movement but prevents____movement. (a) rotational; gliding, (b) angular; gliding, (c) gliding; rotational, (d) angular; rotational.

Compare and contrast the paired movements of flexion and extension with adduction and abduction.

Standing on tiptoe is an example of___at the ankle. (a) elevation, (b) flexion, (c) extension, (d) retraction.

How does rotation differ from circumduction?

Examples of monaxial joints, which permit angular movement in a single plane, are (a) the intercarpal and intertarsal joints, (b) the shoulder and hip joints, (c) the elbow and knee joints, (d) all of these.

What is the specific role of the menisci of the knee? Of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments?

Decreasing the angle between bones is termed (a) flexion, (b) extension, (c) abduction, (d) adduction, (e) hyperextension.

Movements that occur at the shoulder and the hip represent the actions that occur at a____joint. (a) hinge, (b) ball-and-socket, (c) pivot, (d) plane.

List all six possible movements that can occur at the shoulder joint and name the prime mover(s) of each movement. Then name their antagonists.