Multiple Choice
Which method of entry is used by non-enveloped or 'naked' viruses to enter animal cells?
18. Viruses, Viroids, & Prions
Animal Viruses: 2. Entry & Uncoating in the Host Cell
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There are two ways a virus can enter an animal cell. Which method is unique to enveloped viruses and why?
A
Entry via membrane fusion. Enveloped viruses have an outer member which fuses with the host cell's membrane.
B
Entry via endocytosis. Enveloped viruses have surface proteins which start endocytosis while naked viruses do not.
C
Both entry methods are unique to enveloped viruses, naked viruses cannot enter animal cells.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the structure of enveloped viruses: Enveloped viruses have a lipid membrane surrounding their capsid, which is derived from the host cell membrane during viral assembly.
Explore the concept of membrane fusion: Enveloped viruses can enter animal cells through membrane fusion, where the viral envelope merges with the host cell membrane, allowing the viral capsid and genome to enter the cell.
Examine the role of surface proteins in endocytosis: Enveloped viruses have specific surface proteins that can bind to receptors on the host cell, triggering endocytosis, a process where the cell engulfs the virus in a vesicle.
Differentiate between enveloped and naked viruses: Naked viruses lack a lipid envelope and typically enter cells through other mechanisms, such as direct penetration or receptor-mediated endocytosis without fusion.
Clarify why both methods are not unique to enveloped viruses: While membrane fusion is unique to enveloped viruses, endocytosis can be utilized by both enveloped and naked viruses, although the mechanisms may differ.
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