_________ is another name for antibodies.

Label the indicated parts of the antibody.

<IMAGE>

Which of the following is (are) true regarding type III hypersensitivity reactions? Select all that apply. (NCLEX/HESI/TEAS)

a. They involve IgG.

b. They involve IgM.

c. They are considered delayed reactions.

d. They include autoimmune disorders like multiple sclerosis.

e. They are rare compared with type I reactions.

Which of the following would be recommended as a means to diagnose a type I sensitivity? Select all that apply. (NCLEX/HESI/TEAS)

a. Skin prick test

b. IgG titers

c. IgM titers

d. IgE titers

e. Histamine levels

Place the following steps in order for a neutralization test:

a. Incubate cell culture for a few days.

b. Add suspected infecting virus to the patient's serum.

c. Inspect cell culture for viral infection.

d. Extract serum from patient.

e. Mix patient serum with virus and add the mixture to a cell culture.

An antibody's variable region:

1. Varies in amino acid sequence to allow different antibodies to bind different antigens.
2. Is located in the hinge and stem regions of an antibody.
3. Is a portion of the light chain of an antibody.
4. Is a portion of the heavy chain of an antibody.

Genetic recombination frequently occurs in the body’s B cell population. Why is this advantageous to the 

immune system?

DRAW IT

a. In the following graph, at time A the host was injected with tetanus toxoid. Show the response to a booster dose at time B.

b. Draw the antibody response of this same individual to exposure to a new antigen at time B.

<IMAGE>

How would each of the following prevent infection?

a. antibodies against Neisseria gonorrhoeae fimbriae

b. antibodies against host cell mannose