Open Question
Match the following terms.
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18. Viruses, Viroids, & Prions
Animal Viruses: Reverse-Transcribing Virus Synthesis & Replication
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The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus. HIV will not be able to integrate its viral genome into the host cell's genome unless it carries which enzyme in its viral particle?
A
Replicase.
B
Reverse transcriptase.
C
DNA polymerase.
D
Transcriptase.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the nature of HIV: HIV is a retrovirus, which means it has an RNA genome that needs to be converted into DNA to integrate into the host cell's genome.
Identify the key process: Retroviruses like HIV must convert their RNA genome into DNA. This process is known as reverse transcription.
Determine the enzyme responsible: The enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of RNA into DNA is called reverse transcriptase.
Compare with other enzymes: Replicase is involved in RNA replication, DNA polymerase synthesizes DNA from a DNA template, and transcriptase is involved in transcription of DNA to RNA. None of these are responsible for converting RNA to DNA.
Conclude the necessity of reverse transcriptase: For HIV to integrate its genome into the host's DNA, it must carry reverse transcriptase in its viral particle to perform reverse transcription.
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