Use the following choices to answer questions 7–10:
a. Campylobacter
b. Cryptosporidium
c. Escherichia
d. Salmonella
e. Trichinella


Microscopic observation of a stool sample reveals gram-negative helical cells.

All of the following are related to bacterial infection. Which would prevent all of the others?

a. vaccination against fimbriae

b. phagocytosis

c. inhibition of phagocytic digestion

d. destruction of adhesins

e. alteration of cytoskeleton

Complete the following table:

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Gastric ulcers are caused by

a. stomach acid.

b. H. pylori.

c. spicy food.

d. acidic food.

e. stress.

Use the following choices to answer questions 7–10:

a. Campylobacter

b. Cryptosporidium

c. Escherichia

d. Salmonella

e. Trichinella

This microbe is frequently transmitted to humans via raw eggs.

A cholera epidemic in Peru had all of the following characteristics. Which one led to the others?

a. eating raw fish

b. sewage contamination of water

c. catching fish in contaminated water

d. Vibrio in fish intestine

e. including fish intestines with edibles

Microscopic examination of a patient’s fecal culture shows comma-shaped bacteria. These bacteria require 2-4% NaCl to grow. The bacteria probably belong to the genus

a. Campylobacter.

b. Escherichia.

c. Salmonella.

d. Shigella.

e. Vibrio.

Use the following choices to answer questions 7 and 8.

a. Animalia

b. Fungi

c. Plantae

d. Bacillota (gram-positive bacteria)

e. Pseudomonadota (gram-negative bacteria)

Into which group would you place a photosynthetic organism that lacks a nucleus and has a thin peptidoglycan wall surrounded by an outer membrane?

Which of the following statements about E. coli is false?

a. E. coli was the first disease-causing bacterium identified by Koch.

b. E. coli is part of the normal microbiome of humans.

c. E. coli is beneficial in human intestines.

d. E. coli gets nutrients from intestinal contents.

e. None of the above; all the statements are true.