Why does dietary sugar increase the risk for developing dental caries?

Which of the following pathogens are not associated with foodborne infections?

a. Salmonella

b. Shigella

c. Campylobacter jejuni

d. Bacillus cereus

e. Escherichia coli

Describe one way to prevent hookworm infection by N. americanus.

True or False: Clostridioides difficile cases are usually associated with a prior antibiotic therapy.

What is the main symptom of Vibrio cholerae infection and how is this infection best treated?

Tetanospasmin and botulinum toxins affect muscles by

a. blocking the action potential traveling from the CNS to the PNS.

b. allowing the bacteria to enter neurons.

c. blocking the relaxation or contraction of the muscles.

d. damaging the axon itself.

A patient who has just immigrated to the United States after serving in the Iraqi army is displaying a bruiselike rash, headache, and sensitivity to light. The doctor will immediately recommend administration of (NCLEX/HESI/TEAS)

a. ceftriaxone.

b. penicillin.

c. gentamycin.

d. rifampicin.

Which of the following can occur even if the infectious agent is killed by the time it enters the host?

a. Salmonellosis

b. Cholera

c. Giardiasis

d. Food poisoning

e. Mumps

How would an upper endoscopy help diagnose a Helicobacter pylori infection?