Table of contents

1. Introduction to Microbiology3h 22m
2. Disproving Spontaneous Generation1h 18m
3. Chemical Principles of Microbiology3h 38m
4. Water1h 28m
5. Molecules of Microbiology2h 23m
6. Cell Membrane & Transport3h 28m
7. Prokaryotic Cell Structures & Functions5h 52m
8. Eukaryotic Cell Structures & Functions2h 18m
9. Microscopes2h 46m
10. Dynamics of Microbial Growth4h 36m
11. Controlling Microbial Growth4h 10m
12. Microbial Metabolism5h 16m
13. Photosynthesis2h 31m
14. DNA Replication2h 25m
15. Central Dogma & Gene Regulation7h 14m
16. Microbial Genetics4h 44m
17. Biotechnology3h 0m
18. Viruses, Viroids, & Prions4h 56m
19. Innate Immunity7h 15m
20. Adaptive Immunity7h 14m
21. Principles of Disease6h 57m

16. Microbial Genetics

Bacterial Transformation

Microbiology

16. Microbial Genetics

Bacterial Transformation

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Multiple Choice

Bacterial cells can become competent in two ways, which are:

Spontaneously.

Instinctively.

Horizontally.

Induced.

A and D.

A and C.

B and C.

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the concept of bacterial competence: Competence in bacteria refers to the ability of a bacterial cell to take up extracellular DNA from its environment. This process can lead to genetic transformation.

Identify the two main ways bacteria can become competent: Bacteria can become competent either naturally (spontaneously) or through artificial induction.

Natural competence (spontaneous): Some bacteria have the inherent ability to take up DNA from their surroundings without any external intervention. This is a genetically programmed process that occurs under specific conditions.

Induced competence: This involves artificially inducing bacteria to take up DNA, often through chemical treatments or physical methods such as electroporation. This is commonly used in laboratory settings to introduce new genetic material into bacterial cells.

Evaluate the options given in the problem: Based on the understanding of natural and induced competence, identify which options correspond to these methods. 'Spontaneously' aligns with natural competence, and 'Induced' aligns with artificial induction.