Which one of the following measures is the most effective way to prevent viral infections of the digestive system? (NCLEX/HESI/TEAS)
a. Antibiotics
b. Thoroughly cooking food
c. Decontaminating water
d. Washing hands
e. Disinfecting bathroom surfaces

During a lumbar puncture procedure, the nurse observed that the patient’s CSF pressure was high. However, when the analysis of the CSF sample comes back, the glucose levels are normal. The nurse would most likely suspect: (NCLEX/HESI/TEAS)

a. arboviral meningitis.

b. Neisseria meningitidis.

c. Listeria monocytogenes.

d. poliovirus.

A vaccine against Listeria monocytogenes is a challenge to develop because

a. very few people get Listeria meningitis.

b. the antibody-mediated immune response is not effective against L. monocytogenes.

c. better prevention approaches exist, such as food preparation precautions.

d. vaccinations are not used for foodborne illness.

An HIV/AIDS patient is presenting with flulike symptoms, headache, fever, and disorientation. The MOST important piece of information a nurse must obtain for the patient is his or her (NCLEX/HESI/TEAS)

a. travel history, in and outside the United States.

b. diet for the last 3 days.

c. exposure to lakes or streams.

d. exposure to bats.

Which of the following symptoms would be most informative in terms of ruling out a prion disease as a differential diagnosis? (NCLEX/HESI/TEAS)

a. nuchal rigidity

b. hallucinations

c. fatigue

d. headache

Which of the following does not fall into our current definition of TORCH infections?

a. Syphilis

b. Trichomoniasis

c. HIV

d. Rubella

e. Cytomegalovirus

Factors that contribute to vulvovaginal candidiasis include

a. low vaginal pH.

b. high nitrates in urine.

c. increased blood bilirubin levels.

d. increased estrogen levels.

e. taking a fluconazole drug.

A patient you are assessing reports an increase in vaginal discharge that has a foul odor, but she does not report other symptoms. The patient has been in a monogamous relationship for 3 years. Which of the following would be the most useful for this patient? Select all that apply. (NCLEX/HESI/TEAS)

a. Evaluate her urine for increased white blood cells.

b. Perform a Gram stain on the vaginal discharge.

c. Run a pregnancy test.

d. Test for an STI.

e. Perform a whiff test.

How do lactobacilli limit infections in the vagina? Select all that apply. (NCLEX/HESI/TEAS)

a. They competitively exclude potential pathogens.

b. They make hydrogen peroxide.

c. They ferment fructose to make lactic acid.

d. They lower the vaginal pH, which limits pathogen growth.

e. They increase the rate of vaginal mucus secretion.