Explain the following processes involving chromosome mutations and cancer development.
How the chromosome mutation producing the Philadelphia chromosome leads to CML.

Question

Explain the following processes involving chromosome mutations and cancer development.

How the chromosome mutation producing the Philadelphia chromosome leads to CML.

Accepted Answer

Hi, everybody. Let's look at our next question. It says Philadelphia chromosome is an example of which of the following types of mutations. A point mutation. B, missense mutation, C translocation or D frameshift mutation. Well, we've got a couple of clues to help us find this answer. If we can't remember what this is off the top of our head. Our first clue would be that three of our answers. A B and C all refer to changes in single nucleotides or maybe two nucleotides, but very small mutations involving generally single nucleotides. Whereas our choice C translocation involves swapping of whole pieces of chromosomes. So two pieces of two chromosomes break off and switch places. So when we have multiple choice and we've got three answers that are similar and one that is different. It's a pretty good guess that the different one is our answer, the translocation is pieces have two chromosomes break off and switch places. So that's going to be a pretty big clue that our answer is going to be choice C. And our second clue is that the mutation we're asking about as a chromosome name, Philadelphia chromosome. When we have a translocation and these pieces switch off, you're essentially creating a new and different chromosome because it's got different genes arranged on it. So, Philadelphia chromosome is indeed the name of the new. And I'm gonna put quotation marks around new. Since it's not a, a proper chromosome, it's not the one you want, but it's essentially a new type of chromosome different from either one of the chromosomes that swapped pieces. So choice c translocation is going to be what's going on here. And in this case, it involves a translocation between chromosomes nine and 22. And the new version of chromosome 22 which is smaller, a bigger piece of 22 is broken off and joined nine, a small piece of nine has joined 22. And the Philadelphia chromosome is very small compared to the original. So the Philadelphia chromosome comes from chromosome and this particular translocation causes a cancer called chronic myeloid leukemia or C M L because it disrupts a gene that controls cell growth and division. And we know when we have uh disrupt that control, we end up with cancer. So again, this Philadelphia chromosome which causes chronic myeloid leukemia is a translocation. So our answer is choice c translocation as opposed to our other answer choices, which all involved changing to a single base. So we know we have choice. A point mutation is just a single nucleotide being switched. It might have an effect might not have an effect choice B miss sense mutation is when you have a change to a nucleotide that results in a change to the amino acid it codes for. And then choice D frame shift mutation, the deletion or insertion of a nucleotide that then throws off the reading frame uh in translation. So that's why A B and D are not our answers. Choice C is the correct answer. See you in the next video.

Explain the following processes involving chromosome mutations and cancer development.
How the chromosome mutation producing the Philadelphia chromosome leads to CML.

Verified video answer for a similar problem:

Key Concepts

Philadelphia Chromosome

Chromosome Mutation and Translocation

Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) Development

Explain the following processes involving chromosome mutations and cancer development.How the chromosome mutation producing the Philadelphia chromosome leads to CML.

Verified video answer for a similar problem:

Key Concepts

Philadelphia Chromosome

Chromosome Mutation and Translocation

Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) Development

Explain the following processes involving chromosome mutations and cancer development.
How the chromosome mutation producing the Philadelphia chromosome leads to CML.