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Problem 48a
How many milliliters of a 0.45 M BaCl2 solution contain 15.0 g of BaCl2?
- How many milliliters of a 0.350 M KOH solution contain 0.0171 mol of KOH?
Problem 49
- The sterile saline solution used to rinse contact lenses can be made by dissolving 400 mg of NaCl in sterile water and diluting to 100 mL. What is the molarity of the solution?
Problem 50
Problem 50a
Write balanced net ionic equations for the following reactions in acidic solution. (a) Zn(s) + VO2+(aq) → Zn2+(aq) + V3+(aq)
- The concentration of glucose (C6H12O6) in normal blood is approximately 90 mg per 100 mL. What is the molarity of the glucose?
Problem 51
- Copper reacts with dilute nitric acid according to the following equation: If a copper penny weighing 3.045 g is dissolved in a small amount of nitric acid and the resultant solution is diluted to 50.0 mL with water, what is the molarity of the Cu(NO3)2?
Problem 52
Problem 53a
The estimated concentration of gold in the oceans is 1.0 * 10^-11 g/mL. (a) Express the concentration in mol/L.
Problem 54a
How many grams of solute would you use to prepare the following solutions? (a) 500.0 mL of 1.25 M NaOH
Problem 54b
How many grams of solute would you use to prepare the following solutions? (b) 1.50 L of 0.250 M glucose (C6H12O6)
- How would you prepare 500 mL of a 0.330 M solution of CaCl2 from solid CaCl2? Specify the glassware that should be used.
Problem 55
- How would you prepare 250 mL of a 0.100 M solution of fluoride ions from solid CaF2? Specify the glassware that should be used.
Problem 56
- Pennies minted after 1982 are mostly zinc (97.5%) with a copper cover. If a post-1982 penny is dissolved in a small amount of nitric acid, the copper coating reacts as in Problem 4.52, and the exposed zinc reacts according to the following equation: For a penny that weighs 2.482 g, what is the molarity of the Zn(NO3)2 if the resultant solution is diluted to 250.0 mL with water?
Problem 57
- A bottle of 12.0 M hydrochloric acid has only 35.7 mL left in it. What will the HCl concentration be if the solution is diluted to 250.0 mL?
Problem 58
- What is the volume of the solution that would result by diluting 70.00 mL of 0.0913 M NaOH to a concentration of 0.0150 M?
Problem 59
- How would you prepare 250 mL of a 0.100 M solution of chloride ions from a 3.00 M stock solution of CaCl2? Spec-ify the glassware that should be used.
Problem 60
- How would you prepare each of the following solutions? (a) A 0.150 M solution of glucose in water
Problem 60
- How would you prepare 250 mL of 0.150 M solution of CaCl2 from a 3.00 M stock solution? Specify the glassware that should be used.
Problem 61
- The following aqueous solutions were tested with a light bulb conductivity apparatus, as shown in Figure 4.3. What result—dark, dim, or bright—do you expect from each? (a) 0.10 M potassium chloride (b) 0.10 M methanol (c) 0.10 M acetic acid
Problem 62
- A galvanic cell is constructed from a Zn/Zn2+ half-cell (anode) and a Cl2/Cl- half-cell (cathode). (b) Write balanced equations for the electrode and overall cell reactions.
Problem 63
- The following aqueous solutions were tested with a light bulb conductivity apparatus, as shown in Figure 4.3. What result—dark, dim, or bright—do you expect from each? (a) 0.10 M hydrofluoric acid (b) 0.10 M sodium chloride (c) 0.10 M glucose (C6H12O6)
Problem 63
- How would you prepare 250 mL of a 0.325 M solution of benzoic acid 1C7H6O22 in chloroform 1CHCl32?
Problem 63
- Individual solutions of Ba(OH)2 and H2SO4 both conduct electricity, but the conductivity disappears when equal molar amounts of the solutions are mixed. Explain.
Problem 64
- A solution of HCl in water conducts electricity, but a solu-tion of HCl in chloroform, CHCl3, does not. What does this observation tell you about how HCl exists in water and how it exists in chloroform?
Problem 65
- Classify each of the following substances as a strong electrolyte, weak electrolyte, or nonelectrolyte. (a) HBr (b) HF (c) NaClO4 (d) (NH4)2CO3 (e) NH3 (f) Ethyl alcohol
Problem 66
- Is it possible for a molecular substance to be a strong electrolyte? Explain.
Problem 67
Problem 68a
What is the total molar concentration of ions in each of the following solutions, assuming complete dissociation? (a) A 0.750 M solution of K2CO3
Problem 68b
What is the total molar concentration of ions in each of the following solutions, assuming complete dissociation? (b) A 0.355 M solution of AlCl3
Problem 69a
What is the total molar concentration of ions in each of the following solutions? (a) A 1.250 M solution of CH3OH
Problem 69b
What is the total molar concentration of ions in each of the following solutions? (b) A 0.225 M solution of HClO4
- Ringer's solution, used in the treatment of burns and wounds, is prepared by dissolving 4.30 g of NaCl, 0.150 g of KCl, and 0.165 g of CaCl2 in water and diluting to a volume of 500.0 mL. What is the molarity of each of the component ions in the solution?
Problem 70