In the following pictures of binary hydrides, ivory spheres

represent H atoms or ions, and burgundy spheres represent

atoms or ions of the other element.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(a) Identify each binary hydride as ionic, covalent, or interstitial.

(b) What is the oxidation state of hydrogen in compounds (1), (2), and (3)? What is the oxidation state of the other

element?

In the following pictures of binary hydrides, ivory spheres

represent H atoms or ions, and burgundy spheres represent

atoms or ions of the other element.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(b) What is the oxidation state of hydrogen in compounds (1), (2), and (3)? What is the oxidation state of the other

element?

The following models represent the structures of binary hydrides of second-row elements:

b. Draw an electron-dot structure for each hydride. For which hydride is there a problem in drawing the structure? Explain.

The following pictures represent structures of the hydrides of four second-row elements:

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(a) Which compound has the highest melting point?

The following pictures represent structures of the hydrides of four second-row elements:

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(b) Which compound has the lowest boiling point?

Look at the location of elements A, B, C, and D in the following periodic table:

(b) Classify each oxide as basic, acidic, or amphoteric.

Look at the location of elements A, B, C, and D in the following periodic table:

(e) Which of these oxides has the highest melting point? Which has the lowest melting point?

Consider the six second- and third-row elements in groups 4A–6A of the periodic table:

Possible structures for the binary fluorides of each of these elements in its highest oxidation state are shown below.

(a) Identify the nonfluorine atom in each case, and write the molecular formula of each fluoride.

Consider the six second- and third-row elements in groups 4A–6A of the periodic table:

Possible structures for the binary fluorides of each of these elements in its highest oxidation state are shown below.

(b) Explain why the fluorides of nitrogen and phosphorus have different molecular structures but the fluorides of carbon and silicon have the same molecular structure.

Which of the following elements (X) will form a covalent hydride with the formula XH₃ that is a gas at room temperature? (LO 22.4)

(a) Al (b) As (c) Ba (d) Se

The following pictures represent various silicate anions. Write the formula and charge of each anion.

Which element in each of the following pairs has more nonmetallic character?

(a) Se or Te

Which compound in each of the following pairs is more ionic?

(b) P4O6 or Ga2O3

Which compound in each of the following pairs is more ionic?

(d) BCl₃ or AlCl₃

Which compound in each of the following pairs is more covalent?

(a) PCl₃ or AlF₃

Consider the elements C, Se, B, Sn, and Cl. Identify which of these elements:

c. Is the best electrical conductor

Consider the elements C, Se, B, Sn, and Cl. Identify which of these elements:

e. Forms a hydride with the empirical formula 

Consider the elements N, Si, Al, S, and F. Identify which of these elements:

c. Is a semiconductor

GeCl₄ reacts with Cl^- to give GeCl₆^2-, but CCl₄ does not react with excess Cl^-. Explain.

Complete and balance the equation for each of the following reactions.

b. Ca(s) + H₂O(l) →

Complete and balance the equation for each of the following reactions.

d. $C_2H_6\left(g\right)+H_2O\left(g\right)\overset{heat}{\underset{catalyst}\rightarrow}$

Compare some of the physical properties of H₂S, NaH, and PdH_x.

Identify the group 3A element that best fits each of the following descriptions.

(c) Is extremely toxic

List three ways in which the properties of boron differ from those of the other group 3A elements.

Explain why the properties of boron differ so markedly from the properties of the other group 3A elements.

Describe the structure of diborane (B₂H₆) and explain why the bridging B–H bonds are longer than the terminal B–H bonds.

Select the group 4A element that best fits each of the following descriptions.

b. Is the least dense semimetal

Which of the following oxides will be more soluble in acidic solution? (LO 22.14)

(a) SiO2 (b) NO2

(c) BaO (d) B2O3

Draw the electron-dot structure for CO, CO₂, and CO₃^2–, and predict which substance will have the strongest carbon–oxygen bond.

What is the hybridization and geometry around carbon atoms in graphene? Explain why graphene is an excellent conductor of electricity.