Textbook Question
Complete and balance the equation for each of the following reactions.
b. Ca(s) + H2O(l) →
Ch.22 - The Main Group Elements
Chapter 22, Problem 22.81c
Identify the group 3A element that best fits each of the following descriptions.
(c) Is extremely toxic
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: The group 3A elements in the periodic table are Boron (B), Aluminum (Al), Gallium (Ga), Indium (In), Thallium (Tl), and Nihonium (Nh).
Step 2: Among these elements, Thallium (Tl) is known to be extremely toxic. It is a heavy metal that can cause serious health problems if ingested or inhaled.
Step 3: Therefore, the group 3A element that best fits the description of being extremely toxic is Thallium (Tl).
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Group 3A Elements
Group 3A elements, also known as Group 13 in the periodic table, include boron, aluminum, gallium, indium, and thallium. These elements exhibit a range of properties, from the metalloid nature of boron to the metallic characteristics of aluminum and thallium. Understanding their position in the periodic table helps in predicting their chemical behavior and toxicity.
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Group 3A vs. Group 2A Elements
Toxicity of Elements
Toxicity refers to the degree to which a substance can harm living organisms. In the context of Group 3A elements, certain elements like thallium and arsenic (though arsenic is technically in Group 5) are known for their high toxicity. Recognizing the toxicological profiles of these elements is crucial for safety and environmental considerations.
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Chemical Properties and Applications
The chemical properties of Group 3A elements vary significantly, influencing their applications and safety. For instance, thallium is used in specialized applications but is highly toxic, while aluminum is widely used in construction and packaging due to its non-toxic nature. Understanding these properties helps in identifying which element fits specific descriptions, such as toxicity.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Complete and balance the equation for each of the following reactions.
d.
Textbook Question
Compare some of the physical properties of H2S, NaH, and PdHx.
Textbook Question
List three ways in which the properties of boron differ from those of the other group 3A elements.
Textbook Question
Explain why the properties of boron differ so markedly from the properties of the other group 3A elements.
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Textbook Question
Describe the structure of diborane (B2H6) and explain why the bridging B–H bonds are longer than the terminal B–H bonds.