Brown - Chemistry: The Central Science 15th Edition - Chapter 16

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Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria

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Brown 15th Edition

Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria

Problem 73
Write the chemical equation and the Kb expression for the reaction of each of the following bases with water: (a) dimethylamine, (CH3)2NH (b) carbonate ion, CO3^2- (c) formate ion, CHO2^-
Problem 74a
Write the chemical equation and the Kb expression for the reaction of each of the following bases with water: (a) propylamine, C3H7NH2
Problem 74c
Write the chemical equation and the Kb expression for the reaction of each of the following bases with water: (c) benzoate ion, C6H5CO2-
Problem 75
Calculate the molar concentration of OH- in a 0.075 M solution of ethylamine (C2H5NH2); Kb = 6.4 * 10^-4. Calculate the pH of this solution.
Problem 76
Calculate the molar concentration of OH- in a 0.724 M solution of hypobromite ion BrO-; Kb = 4.0 * 10^-6. What is the pH of this solution?
Problem 77a
Ephedrine, a central nervous system stimulant, is used in nasal sprays as a decongestant. This compound is a weak organic base: C10H15ON1aq2 + H2O1l2 Δ C10H15ONH+1aq2 + OH-1aq2 A 0.035 M solution of ephedrine has a pH of 11.33. (a) What are the equilibrium concentrations of C10H15ON, C10H15ONH+, and OH-?
Problem 77b
Ephedrine, a central nervous system stimulant, is used in nasal sprays as a decongestant. This compound is a weak organic base: C10H15ON1aq2 + H2O1l2 Δ C10H15ONH+1aq2 + OH-1aq2 A 0.035 M solution of ephedrine has a pH of 11.33. (b) Calculate Kb for ephedrine.
Problem 78
Codeine 1C18H21NO32 is a weak organic base. A 5.0 * 10-3M solution of codeine has a pH of 9.95. Calculate the value of Kb for this substance. What is the pKb for this base?
Problem 79
Phenol, C6H5OH, has a Ka of 1.3 * 10^-10. (c) Is phenol a stronger or weaker acid than water?
Problem 80
Use the acid-dissociation constants in Table 16.3 to arrange these oxyanions from strongest base to weakest: SO42-, CO32-, SO32-, and PO43-.
Problem 81a
Given that Ka for acetic acid is 1.8 * 10-5 and that for hypochlorous acid is 3.0 * 10-8, which is the stronger acid?
Problem 81b
Which is the stronger base, the acetate ion or the hypochlorite ion?
Problem 81c
Calculate Kb values for CH3COO- and ClO-.
Problem 82a
Given that K_b for ammonia is 1.8 × 10^-5 and that for hydroxylamine is 1.1 × 10^-8, which is the stronger base?
Problem 82b
Which is the stronger acid, the ammonium ion or the hydroxylammonium ion?
Problem 83
Using data from Appendix D, calculate [OH-] and pH for each of the following solutions: (a) 0.10 M NaBrO (b) 0.080 M NaHS (c) a mixture that is 0.10 M in NaNO2 and 0.20 M in Ca(NO3)2.
Problem 84b
Using data from Appendix D, calculate 3OH-4 and pH for each of the following solutions: (b) 0.035 M Na2S
Problem 85
A solution of sodium acetate (NaCH3COO) has a pH of 9.70. What is the molarity of the solution?
Problem 86a
Pyridinium bromide 1C5H5NHBr2 is a strong electrolyte that dissociates completely into C5H5NH+ and Br-. An aqueous solution of pyridinium bromide has a pH of 2.95. (a) Write out the reaction that leads to this acidic pH.
Problem 86b
Pyridinium bromide 1C5H5NHBr2 is a strong electrolyte that dissociates completely into C5H5NH+ and Br-. An aqueous solution of pyridinium bromide has a pH of 2.95. (b) Using Appendix D, calculate the Ka for pyridinium bromide.
Problem 86c
Pyridinium bromide 1C5H5NHBr2 is a strong electrolyte that dissociates completely into C5H5NH+ and Br-. An aqueous solution of pyridinium bromide has a pH of 2.95. (c) A solution of pyridinium bromide has a pH of 2.95. What is the concentration of the pyridinium cation at equilibrium, in units of molarity?
Problem 87c
Predict whether aqueous solutions of the following compounds are acidic, basic, or neutral: (c) Na₂CO₃
Problem 88a
Predict whether aqueous solutions of the following substances are acidic, basic, or neutral: (a) AlCl3
Problem 88b
Predict whether aqueous solutions of the following substances are acidic, basic, or neutral: (b) NaBr
Problem 88c
Predict whether aqueous solutions of the following substances are acidic, basic, or neutral: (c) NaClO
Problem 88d
Predict whether aqueous solutions of the following substances are acidic, basic, or neutral: (d) 3CH3NH34NO3
Problem 88e
Predict whether aqueous solutions of the following substances are acidic, basic, or neutral: (e) Na2SO3.
Problem 89
Predict which member of each pair produces the more acidic aqueous solution: (a) K+ or Cu2+ (b) Fe2+ or Fe3+ (c) Al3+ or Ga3+.
Problem 90
Which member of each pair produces the more acidic aqueous solution: (a) ZnBr₂ or CdCl₂ (b) CuCl or Cu(NO₃)₂ (c) Ca(NO₃)₂ or NiBr₂
Problem 91
An unknown salt is either NaF, NaCl, or NaOCl. When 0.050 mol of the salt is dissolved in water to form 0.500 L of solution, the pH of the solution is 8.08. What is the identity of the salt?