Gene cloning is crucial to any application involving one gene because __________.

Recombinant DNA techniques are used to custom-build bacteria for two main purposes: to obtain multiple copies of certain genes and to obtain useful proteins produced by certain genes. Give an example of each of these applications in medicine and agriculture.

Bacteria use restriction enzymes to __________.

Which of the following enzymes could seal a nick in one strand of a double-stranded DNA molecule by creating a sugar-phosphate bond between the adjacent, unjoined nucleotides?

The efficiency of cloning, and the ability to generate healthy cloned animals, has been largely hampered by the difficulty of __________.

In genetic engineering, the highly active plasmid from Agrobacterium tumefaciens is used to __________.