Small accessory rings of DNA that replicate independently of an organism's genome are called _____.

Which of the following would be considered a transgenic organism?a. a bacterium that has received genes via conjugationb. a human given a corrected human blood-clotting genec. a fern grown in cell culture from a single fern root celld. a rat with rabbit hemoglobin genes

Which of the following is true of cDNA produced using human brain tissue as the starting material? (A) The procedure to make it requires amplification by the polymerase chain reaction. (B) It is produced from pre-mRNA using reverse transcriptase. (C) It can be labeled and used as a probe to detect genes expressed in the brain. (D) It includes the introns of the pre-mRNA.

Which of the following is not true of cDNA produced using human brain tissue as the starting material?a. It can be amplified by the polymerase chain reaction.b. It was produced from pre-mRNA using reverse transcriptase.c. It can be labeled and used as a probe to detect genes expressed in the brain.d. It lacks the introns of the pre-mRNA.

Recombinant DNA techniques are used to custom-build bacteria for two main purposes: to obtain multiple copies of certain genes and to obtain useful proteins produced by certain genes. Give an example of each of these applications in medicine and agriculture.

Gene cloning is crucial to any application involving one gene because __________.

Bacteria use restriction enzymes to __________.