Multiple Choice
ATPgammaS is a form of ATP that cannot be hydrolyzed by enzymes. If this compound were introduced to cells so that it replaced the normal ATP present in the cell, which of the following would you predict?
10. Cell Signaling
Signal Amplification
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IP3 (inositol trisphosphate) is produced as a result of __________.
A
protein kinase A activation
B
Ca2+
C
DAG
D
adenylyl cyclase
E
the cleavage of a specific phospholipid in the plasma membrane
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the role of IP3 (inositol trisphosphate) in cellular signaling. IP3 is a secondary messenger that plays a crucial role in the transmission of signals from the cell surface to the inside of the cell.
Recognize that IP3 is produced through a specific biochemical process involving the cleavage of a phospholipid. This phospholipid is known as phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2).
Learn that the enzyme responsible for this cleavage is phospholipase C (PLC). When activated, PLC cleaves PIP2 into two secondary messengers: IP3 and diacylglycerol (DAG).
Understand that IP3, once produced, binds to IP3 receptors located on the endoplasmic reticulum, leading to the release of calcium ions (Ca2+) into the cytoplasm, which further propagates the signal within the cell.
Recognize that the production of IP3 is not directly related to protein kinase A activation, Ca2+, DAG, or adenylyl cyclase, but rather the cleavage of PIP2 by PLC.
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