In shoots, branching is inhibited by __________ from the tip of a growing shoot, but this effect is countered by __________ from the roots.

The immediate, direct effect of auxin in cell elongation, according to the acid growth hypothesis, is to __________.

In addition to interacting with auxin in the control of apical dominance, newly discovered plant hormones help to establish mycorrhizal associations by attracting mycorrhizal fungi to the plant roots. What are these hormones called?

A graduate student growing plant cells in a laboratory dish wants them to __________; therefore, the student treats them with cytokinins.

A callus will develop roots if you use a __________ auxin concentration and a __________ cytokinin concentration in the medium.

Which hormone would a florist most likely spray on cut flowers to keep them fresh?

As leaf lettuce matures, a tall flowering shoot extends beyond the basal, edible leaves. After the plant bolts like this, it no longer produces broad, tasty leaves. Suppose you want to prevent bolting so that you can harvest lettuce longer. You may want to prevent the plant from synthesizing __________.

Increasing the cytoplasmic levels of specific well-tolerated solutes, such as sugars, helps a plant to cope with __________.

Increasing the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in their membranes is a response of plants to __________.