21. The Immune System

Introduction to Adaptive Immunity

Open Question
Ted finds out that he has been exposed to measles. He is concerned that he might have contracted the disease, so he goes to see his physician. The physician takes a blood sample and sends it to a lab for antibody levels and titers. The results show an elevated level and activity of IgM antibodies to rubella (measles) virus but very few IgG antibodies to the virus. Has Ted contracted the disease?
Multiple Choice
The secondary lymphoid organs:
Open Question
Multiple ChoiceMore than one choice may apply.Which of these antibody classes is usually arranged as a pentamer?a. IgGb. IgMc IgAd. IgD
Multiple Choice
T cells and B cells are produced in the:
Open Question
Define antibody. Using an appropriately labeled diagram, describe the structure of an antibody monomer. Indicate and label variable and constant regions, heavy and light chains.
Open Question
Match the following antibodies with the correct definition.

____IgD
____IgM
____IgG
____IgA
____IgE

a. Antibody found in secretions
b. Most common antibody; crosses the placenta
c. Antibody involved in allergies and parasitic infections
d. Pentamer and potent agglutinating agent
e. Antibody bound to the B cell plasma membrane
Multiple Choice
The humoral response is initiated by production of:
Open Question
Name the five classes of immunoglobulins. Which is most likely to be found attached to a B cell membrane? Which is most abundant in plasma? Which is important in allergic responses? Which is the first Ig to be released during the primary response? Which can cross the placental barrier?
Open Question
How does the formation of an antigen–antibody complex cause the elimination of an antigen?
Open Question
Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct is to make a true statement.

d. Vaccinations are given to induce the production of the inflammatory response.
Open Question
Name the five antibody classes and describe where each is most likely to be found in the body.
Open Question
Differentiate between a primary and a secondary immune response. Which is more rapid and why?
Open Question
Antibodies released by plasma cells are involved ina. humoral immunity,b. immediate hypersensitivity reactions,c. autoimmune disorders,d. all of the above.
Open Question
An investigator at a crime scene discovers some body fluid on the victim's clothing. The investigator carefully takes a sample and sends it to the crime lab for analysis. On the basis of the analysis of antibodies, could the crime lab determine whether the sample is blood plasma or semen? Explain.
Multiple Choice
Which immune cell is able to respond quickly after any subsequent encounter with the same antigen?