18. The Heart

Cardiac Cycle

Open Question
Multiple ChoiceMore than one choice may apply.Given a volume of 150 ml at the end of diastole, a volume of 50 ml at the end of systole, and a heart rate of 60 bpm, the cardiac output isa. 600 ml/min.b. 6 liters/min.c. 1200 ml/min.d. 3 liters/min.
Open Question
a. Describe how heart contraction and relaxation influence coronary blood flow.b. Name the major branches of the coronary arteries, and note the heart regions served by each.
Open Question
Freshly oxygenated blood is first received by thea. atrium,b.atrium, c. right ventricle, d. left ventricle.
Open Question
The sequence of contraction of the heart chambers isa. random,b. left chambers followed by right chambers, c. both atria followed by both ventricles, d. right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle.
Open Question
When the semilunar valves are open, which of the following are occurring?(1) coronary arteries fill(2) AV valves are closed(3) ventricles are in systole(4) ventricles are in diastole(5) blood enters aorta(6) blood enters pulmonary arteries(7) atria contracta. 2, 3, 5, 6,b. 1, 2, 3, 7,c. 1, 3, 5, 6,d. 2, 4, 5, 7.
Open Question
Mrs. Hamad, a middle-aged woman, is admitted to the coronary care unit with a diagnosis of left ventricular failure resulting from a myocardial infarction. Her chart indicates that she was awakened in the middle of the night by severe chest pain. Her skin is pale and cold, and moist sounds of pulmonary edema are heard over the lower regions of both lungs. Explain how failure of the left ventricle might cause these signs and symptoms.
Open Question
What are the valves in the heart, and what is the function of each?
Open Question
Multiple ChoiceMore than one choice may apply.Soon after the onset of ventricular systole, thea. AV valves close.b. semilunar valves open.c. first heart sound is heard.d. aortic pressure increases.
Open Question
The pericardial cavity is located between:

a. the parietal pericardium and the fibrous pericardium.
b. the fibrous pericardium and the myocardium.
c. the parietal pericardium and the visceral pericardium.
d. the epicardium and the endocardium.
Open Question
Which of the following statements is true?

a. The tricuspid valve is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle.
b. The mitral valve is located between the pulmonary veins and the left atrium.
c. The pulmonary valve is located between the pulmonary artery and the pulmonary veins.
d. The aortic valve is located between the right ventricle and the aorta.
Open Question
Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

b. The heart consists of two superior ventricles and two inferior atria.
Open Question
A birth defect called transposition of great vessels results in the pulmonary trunk emanating from the left ventricle and the aorta stemming from the right ventricle.

a. Which ventricle is thicker-walled, and why?
Open Question
As Cara worked at her dissection, she became frustrated that several of the structures she had to learn about had more than one common name. Provide another name for each of these structures:a. atrioventricular groove,b. tricuspid valve, c. bicuspid valve (give two synonyms), and d. atrioventricular bundle.
Open Question
The chordae tendineaea. the atrioventricular valves,b. prevent the AV valve flaps from everting, c. contract the papillary muscles, d. open the semilunar valves.
Open Question
The fact that the left ventricular wall is thicker than the right reveals that ita. pumps a greater volume of blood,b. pumps blood against greater resistance, c. expands the thoracic cage, d. pumps blood through a smaller valve.