17. The Blood

Introduction To Blood

Open Question
Name the formed elements that arise from myeloid stem cells. Name those arising from lymphoid stem cells.
Open Question
a. Describe the appearance of platelets and state their major function.b. Why should platelets not be called 'cells'?
Open Question
Erythropoietin directly stimulates RBC formation by (a) increasing rates of mitotic divisions in erythroblasts, (b) speeding up the maturation of red blood cells, (c) accelerating the rate of hemoglobin synthesis, (d) all of these.
Open Question
If you had a high hematocrit, would you expect your hemoglobin determination to be high or low? Why?
Open Question
Discuss hemoglobin relative to its chemical structure, its function, and the color changes it undergoes during loading and unloading of oxygen.
Open Question
A middle-aged college professor from Boston is in the Swiss Alps studying astronomy. He arrived two days ago and plans to stay the entire year. However, he notices that he is short of breath when he walks up steps and that he tires easily with any physical activity. His symptoms gradually disappear; after two months, he feels fine. Upon returning to the United States, he has a complete physical exam and is told that his erythrocyte count is higher than normal. (a) Attempt to explain this finding. (b) Will his RBC count remain at this higher-than-normal level? Why or why not?
Open Question
Relate the structure of hemoglobin to its function,
Open Question
Which of the following is not a formed element of blood?

a. Erythrocyte
b. Leukocyte
c. Mast cell
d. Platelet
Open Question
Which of the following plasma proteins is responsible for osmotic pressure?

a. γ-Globulins
b. Albumin
c. α-Globulins
d. Clotting proteins
Open Question
List the seven major functions of blood.
Open Question
Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

a. Erythrocytes are biconcave discs with prominent nuclei.
Open Question
Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

b. The main function of erythrocytes is to transport oxygen on the protein hemoglobin.
Open Question
Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

c. Hemoglobin forms oxyhemoglobin when it binds to oxygen.
Open Question
Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

d. Hemoglobin consists of two polypeptide chains bound to a heme group.
Open Question
Erythropoiesis requires stimulation from the hormone:

a. thrombin.
b. thrombopoietin.
c. thymosin.
d. erythropoietin.