26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance

Normal arterial blood pH is __________.

The most important buffer system in the intracellular fluid compartment (ICF) is the __________ buffer system.

Which statement about acids is true?

The most important buffer system of extracellular fluid, such as plasma, is the __________ buffer system.

Which of the following has the LEAST influence over the pH of blood plasma?

Answer questions 5 through 10 by choosing responses from the following:a. ammonium ionsb. bicarbonatec. calciumd. chloridee. hydrogen ionsf. magnesiumg. phosphateh. potassiumi. sodiumj. water Two substances secreted into the proximal convoluted tubules in exchange for sodium ions.

Multiple ChoiceMore than one choice may apply.In the carbonic acid–bicarbonate buffer system, strong acids are buffered bya. carbonic acid.b. water.c. bicarbonate ion.d. the salt of the strong acid.

Answer questions 5 through 10 by choosing responses from the following:a. ammonium ionsb. bicarbonatec. calciumd. chloridee. hydrogen ionsf. magnesiumg. phosphateh. potassiumi. sodiumj. water Two ions produced during catabolism of glutamine.

In an individual with metabolic acidosis, a clue that the respiratory system is compensating is provided bya. high blood bicarbonate levels,b. low blood bicarbonate levels,c. rapid, deep breathing,d. slow, shallow breathing.

Describe the role of the respiratory system in controlling acid-base balance.

Explain how the chemical buffer systems resist changes in pH.

Explain how chemical buffer systems resist changes in pH.

Explain the relationship of the following to renal secretion and excretion of hydrogen ions:a. plasma carbon dioxide levels,b. phosphate, andc. sodium bicarbonate reabsorption.