87. College Football A stem-and-leaf plot for the numbers of touchdowns allowed by the 127 NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision teams in the 2020-2021 season is shown. Find the probability that a team chosen at random allowed (a) at least 51 touchdowns. Are any of these events unusual? Explain. (Source: National Collegiate Athletic Association)

Finding Classical Probabilities In Exercises 41-46, a probability experiment consists of rolling a 12-sided die numbered 1 to 12. Find the probability of the event.

46. Event F: rolling a number divisible by 5

Boy or Girl? In Exercises 71-74, a couple plans to have three children. Each child is equally likely to be a boy or a girl.

71. What is the probability that all three children are girls?

80. Unusual Events Can any of the events in Exercises 75-78 be considered unusual? Explain.

81. Genetics A Punnett square is a diagram that shows all possible gene combinations in a cross of parents whose genes are known. When two pink snapdragon flowers (RW) are crossed, there are four equally likely possible outcomes for the genetic makeup of the offspring: red (RR), pink (RW), pink (WR), and white (WW), as shown in the Punnett square at the left. When two pink snapdragons are crossed, what is the probability that the offspring will be (c) white?

97. Rolling a Pair of Dice You roll a pair of six-sided dice and record the sum.

a. List all of the possible sums and determine the probability of rolling each sum.

b. Use technology to simulate rolling a pair of dice and record the sum 100 times. Make a tally of the 100 sums and use these results to list the probability of rolling

each sum.

c. Compare the probabilities in part (a) with the probabilities in part (b). Explain any similarities or differences.

In Exercises 1-4, identify the sample space of the probability experiment and determine the number of outcomes in the event. Draw a tree diagram when appropriate.

3. Experiment: Choosing a month of the year

Event: Choosing a month that begins with the letter J

In Exercises 7-12, classify the statement as an example of classical probability, empirical probability, or subjective probability. Explain your reasoning.

8. The probability of randomly selecting five cards of the same suit from a standard deck of 52 playing cards is about 0.002.

In Exercises 7-12, classify the statement as an example of classical probability, empirical probability, or subjective probability. Explain your reasoning.

11. The probability of rolling 2 six-sided dice and getting a sum of 9 is 1/9.