2. Molecular Representations

Identify the functional groups in each of the following molecules. [The number of functional groups has been given to assist you.]

(d) [Two]

Identify the functional groups in each of the following molecules. [The number of functional groups has been given to assist you.]

(b) [Two]

Identify the functional groups in each of the following molecules. [The number of functional groups has been given to assist you.]

(a) [Three]

When we begin studying reactive intermediates, the designation of substitution will be especially important. Label the following carbocations as 1° , 2°, 3°, or 4° or based on the carbon bearing the positive charge.

(c)

Given the line-angle drawings shown, answer the following questions:

(i) How many carbons are in each molecule?

(ii) How many hydrogens are at the circled carbon?

(iii) Is the indicated (→) carbon or 1° , 2°, 3°, or 4°?

(h)

Identify the functional groups in each of the following molecules. [The number of functional groups has been given to assist you.]

(c) [Three]

When we begin studying reactive intermediates, the designation of substitution will be especially important. Label the following carbocations as 1° , 2°, 3°, or 4° or based on the carbon bearing the positive charge.

(b)

Classify each hydrogen atom in the following compounds as primary (1°), secondary (2°), or tertiary (3°).

c. 2-methylbutane

d. cyclohexane

Label each hydrogen atom in the following compounds as primary (1°), secondary (2°), or tertiary (3°).

(e)

(f)

Label each hydrogen atom in the following compounds as primary (1°), secondary (2°), or tertiary (3°).

(c) (CH₃)₂CHCH(CH₃)CH₂CH₃

(d)

How many carbons are in the planar double-bond system in each of the following compounds?

a.

b.

c.

How many carbons are in the planar double-bond system in the following compound?

Label each sulfhydryl group as primary (1°) secondary (2°) , or tertiary (3°)

Label each hydroxyl group in Assessment 13.6 as primary (1°) secondary (2°) , or tertiary (3°) 

In 2012, a group led by Professor Masayuki Satake of the University of Tokyo reported the isolation and structure determination of a toxin from a marine algal bloom that decimated the fish population off the New Zealand coast in 1998. Extensive mass spectrometry and NMR experiments ultimately led to the structure shown below, named Brevisulcenal-F. (See Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2012, 134, 4963–4968.) This structure holds the record for the largest number of fused rings, at 17.

(a) How many ether groups are present?

(b) How many alcohol groups are present? Classify the alcohols as 1° or 2° or 3°.

(c) Are there any other oxygen-containing functional groups? Which, if any?