1. A Review of General Chemistry

Use resonance structures to identify the areas of high and low electron density in the following compounds:

(c)

For each of these ions, draw the important resonance forms and predict which resonance form is likely to be the major contributor.

(a)

For each of the following compounds, draw the important resonance forms. Indicate which structures are major and minor contributors or whether they have the same energy.

(d) [H₂CNO₂]^–

Use resonance structures to identify the areas of high and low electron density in the following compounds:

(d)

For each of these ions, draw the important resonance forms and predict which resonance form is likely to be the major contributor.

(b)

For each of the following compounds, draw the important resonance forms. Indicate which structures are major and minor contributors or whether they have the same energy.

(e) [CH₃C(OH)₂]⁺

(f) [CH₂CHNH]^–

For each of the following compounds, draw the important resonance forms. Indicate which structures are major and minor contributors or whether they have the same energy.

(g)

(h)

Use resonance structures to identify the areas of high and low electron density in the following compounds:

g.

h.

Use resonance structures to identify the areas of high and low electron density in the following compounds:

i.

j.

Draw the resonance contributors of the cyclooctatrienyl dianion.

b. Which of the resonance contributors makes the smallest contribution to the hybrid?

a. Draw resonance contributors for the following species, showing all the lone pairs:

b. For each species, indicate the most stable resonance contributor.

3. NO₂^-

i) Which of the following resonance structures represents the 'actual' structure of the molecule shown? (ii) Which contributes more to the resonance hybrid? (iii) Why?

(a)

(b)

(c)

a. Draw resonance contributors for the following species. Do not include structures that are so unstable that their contributions to the resonance hybrid would be negligible. Indicate which are major contributors and which are minor contributors to the resonance hybrid.

b. Do any of the species have resonance contributors that all contribute equally to the resonance hybrid?

10.

a. Draw resonance contributors for the following species. Do not include structures that are so unstable that their contributions to the resonance hybrid would be negligible. Indicate which are major contributors and which are minor contributors to the resonance hybrid.

b. Do any of the species have resonance contributors that all contribute equally to the resonance hybrid?

5.

a. Draw resonance contributors for the following species. Do not include structures that are so unstable that their contributions to the resonance hybrid would be negligible. Indicate which are major contributors and which are minor contributors to the resonance hybrid.

b. Do any of the species have resonance contributors that all contribute equally to the resonance hybrid?

7.