Textbook Question
Identify each of the following processes as hydrogenation, hydrolysis, or saponification and give the products:
a. the reaction of palm oil with KOH
Ch.15 Lipids
Timberlake13th EditionChemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9780134421353
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 Chemistry in Our Lives11
- Ch.2 Chemistry and Measurements80
- Ch.3 Matter and Energy54
- Ch.4 Atoms and Elements51
- Ch.5 Nuclear Chemistry42
- Ch.6 Ionic and Molecular Compounds57
- Ch.7 Chemical Quantities and Reactions41
- Ch.8 Gases29
- Ch.9 Solutions51
- Ch.10 Acids and Bases and Equilibrium65
- Ch.11 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Hydrocarbons78
- Ch.12 Alcohols, Thiols, Ethers, Aldehydes, and Ketones83
- Ch.13 Carbohydrates54
- Ch.14 Carboxylic Acids, Esters, Amines, and Amides90
- Ch.15 Lipids61
- Ch.16 Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes84
- Ch.17 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis83
- Ch.18 Metabolic Pathways and ATP Production67
Timberlake13th EditionChemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9780134421353Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 15, Problem 29b
Identify each of the following processes as hydrogenation, hydrolysis, or saponification and give the products:
b. the reaction of glyceryl trilinoleate from safflower oil with water and HCl
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Recognize the type of reaction described. The reaction involves glyceryl trilinoleate (a triglyceride) reacting with water and HCl. This is a hydrolysis reaction, as it involves breaking chemical bonds using water.
Step 2: Understand the structure of glyceryl trilinoleate. It is a triglyceride composed of a glycerol backbone esterified with three linoleic acid molecules (a type of fatty acid).
Step 3: In a hydrolysis reaction, the ester bonds in the triglyceride are broken. This occurs in the presence of water and an acid catalyst (HCl in this case). Each ester bond is cleaved, resulting in the formation of glycerol and free fatty acids.
Step 4: Write the chemical equation for the reaction. The general reaction is: , where glycerol (C₃H₈O₃) and linoleic acid (C₁₈H₃₂O₂) are the products.
Step 5: Conclude that the products of this hydrolysis reaction are glycerol and three molecules of linoleic acid. This process is typical of triglyceride hydrolysis in the presence of an acid catalyst.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Hydrolysis
Hydrolysis is a chemical process in which water is used to break down a compound. In the context of fats and oils, hydrolysis involves the reaction of triglycerides with water, often in the presence of an acid or base, resulting in the formation of glycerol and fatty acids. This process is essential in understanding how lipids can be broken down in biological systems.
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Acidic Hydrolysis Concept 1
Glyceryl Trilinoleate
Glyceryl trilinoleate, also known as trilinolein, is a triglyceride composed of glycerol and three linoleic acid molecules. It is commonly found in safflower oil and is a type of unsaturated fat. Understanding its structure is crucial for predicting the products of its hydrolysis, as the fatty acid chains will be released during the reaction.
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Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis
Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis refers to the process where an acid, such as hydrochloric acid (HCl), accelerates the hydrolysis reaction. In this scenario, the acid donates protons, facilitating the breakdown of the triglyceride into glycerol and free fatty acids. This concept is important for understanding how the presence of an acid can influence the rate and outcome of hydrolysis reactions.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Safflower oil is polyunsaturated, whereas olive oil is monounsaturated. Why would safflower oil have a lower melting point than olive oil?
Textbook Question
How does the percentage of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids in olive oil compare to that of canola oil?
Textbook Question
Identify each of the following processes as hydrogenation, hydrolysis, or saponification and give the products:
a. the reaction of corn oil and hydrogen (H2) with a nickel catalyst
Textbook Question
Identify each of the following processes as hydrogenation, hydrolysis, or saponification and give the products:
b. the reaction of glyceryl tristearate with water in the presence of lipase enzyme
Textbook Question
Use condensed structural formulas to write the balanced chemical equation for the hydrogenation of glyceryl trilinolenate, a fat containing glycerol and three linolenic acid molecules.