Textbook Question
Identify each of the following processes as hydrogenation, hydrolysis, or saponification and give the products:
a. the reaction of palm oil with KOH
Ch.15 Lipids
Timberlake13th EditionChemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9780134421353
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 Chemistry in Our Lives11
- Ch.2 Chemistry and Measurements80
- Ch.3 Matter and Energy54
- Ch.4 Atoms and Elements51
- Ch.5 Nuclear Chemistry42
- Ch.6 Ionic and Molecular Compounds57
- Ch.7 Chemical Quantities and Reactions41
- Ch.8 Gases29
- Ch.9 Solutions51
- Ch.10 Acids and Bases and Equilibrium65
- Ch.11 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Hydrocarbons78
- Ch.12 Alcohols, Thiols, Ethers, Aldehydes, and Ketones83
- Ch.13 Carbohydrates54
- Ch.14 Carboxylic Acids, Esters, Amines, and Amides90
- Ch.15 Lipids61
- Ch.16 Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes84
- Ch.17 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis83
- Ch.18 Metabolic Pathways and ATP Production67
Timberlake13th EditionChemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9780134421353Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 15, Problem 30b
Identify each of the following processes as hydrogenation, hydrolysis, or saponification and give the products:
b. the reaction of glyceryl tristearate with water in the presence of lipase enzyme
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Recognize the type of reaction described. The reaction involves glyceryl tristearate (a triglyceride) reacting with water in the presence of a lipase enzyme. This is a hydrolysis reaction, as water is used to break chemical bonds.
Step 2: Understand the role of the lipase enzyme. Lipase acts as a catalyst to speed up the hydrolysis of the triglyceride into its components.
Step 3: Write the general reaction for the hydrolysis of a triglyceride. A triglyceride reacts with water to produce glycerol and three fatty acid molecules. The reaction can be represented as:
Step 4: Identify the specific products for glyceryl tristearate. Glyceryl tristearate is a triglyceride composed of glycerol and three stearic acid molecules. When hydrolyzed, it produces one molecule of glycerol and three molecules of stearic acid.
Step 5: Summarize the reaction. The hydrolysis of glyceryl tristearate in the presence of a lipase enzyme produces glycerol and three stearic acid molecules as the products.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Hydrolysis
Hydrolysis is a chemical process in which water is used to break down a compound. In the context of lipids, hydrolysis typically involves the cleavage of ester bonds in triglycerides, resulting in the formation of glycerol and fatty acids. This reaction is essential in biological systems for the digestion of fats.
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Lipase Enzyme
Lipase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of fats (lipids) into glycerol and free fatty acids. It plays a crucial role in the digestive system, facilitating the breakdown of dietary fats into absorbable units. The presence of lipase significantly increases the rate of hydrolysis compared to the reaction occurring without an enzyme.
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Glyceryl Tristearate
Glyceryl tristearate, also known as triglyceride or stearin, is a type of fat composed of glycerol and three stearic acid molecules. It is a common component of dietary fats and is found in many animal and plant oils. Understanding its structure is important for recognizing how it undergoes hydrolysis in the presence of water and enzymes.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Use line-angle formulas to write the balanced chemical equation for the acid hydrolysis of glyceryl trimyristate (trimyristin).
Textbook Question
Identify each of the following processes as hydrogenation, hydrolysis, or saponification and give the products:
b. the reaction of glyceryl trilinoleate from safflower oil with water and HCl
Textbook Question
Identify each of the following processes as hydrogenation, hydrolysis, or saponification and give the products:
a. the reaction of corn oil and hydrogen (H2) with a nickel catalyst
Textbook Question
Use condensed structural formulas to write the balanced chemical equation for the hydrogenation of glyceryl trilinolenate, a fat containing glycerol and three linolenic acid molecules.
Textbook Question
Use condensed structural formulas to write the balanced chemical equation for the NaOH saponification of glyceryl trimyristate (trimyristin).