Textbook Question
For each of the anticodon sequences given in the previous problem, identify the other codon sequence to which it could potentially pair using third base wobble.
Ch. 9 - The Molecular Biology of Translation
Sanders3rd EditionGenetic Analysis: An Integrated ApproachISBN: 9780135564172
Not the one you use?Change textbookSelect a different textbook
Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - The Molecular Basis of Heredity, Variation, and Evolution64
- Ch. 2 - Transmission Genetics144
- Ch. 3 - Cell Division and Chromosome Heredity81
- Ch. 4 - Gene Interaction87
- Ch. 5 - Genetic Linkage and Mapping in Eukaryotes103
- Ch. 6 - Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages73
- Ch. 7 - DNA Structure and Replication71
- Ch. 8 - Molecular Biology of Transcription and RNA Processing79
- Ch. 9 - The Molecular Biology of Translation110
- Ch. 10 - Eukaryotic Chromosome Abnormalities and Molecular Organization100
- Ch. 11 - Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and Homologous Recombination86
- Ch. 12 - Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria and Bacteriophage90
- Ch. 13 - Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes38
- Ch. 14 - Analysis of Gene Function via Forward Genetics and Reverse Genetics72
- Ch. 15 - Recombinant DNA Technology and Its Applications69
- Ch. 16 - Genomics: Genetics from a Whole-Genome Perspective49
- Ch. 17 - Organelle Inheritance and the Evolution of Organelle Genomes27
- Ch. 18 - Developmental Genetics43
- Ch. 19 - Genetic Analysis of Quantitative Traits66
- Ch. 20 - Population Genetics and Evolution at the Population, Species, and Molecular Levels105
Sanders3rd EditionGenetic Analysis: An Integrated ApproachISBN: 9780135564172Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 9, Problem 10
Compare and contrast the composition and structure of bacterial and eukaryotic ribosomes, identifying at least three features that are the same and three features that are unique to each type of ribosome.
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the basic function of ribosomes in both bacteria and eukaryotes. Ribosomes are the molecular machines responsible for protein synthesis in all living cells, translating mRNA into polypeptide chains.
Step 2: Identify the similarities between bacterial and eukaryotic ribosomes. Both types of ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins, and they both have two subunits: a large subunit and a small subunit. Additionally, both types of ribosomes perform the same fundamental role in translating mRNA into proteins.
Step 3: Examine the differences in size and composition. Bacterial ribosomes, also known as 70S ribosomes, are smaller, consisting of a 50S large subunit and a 30S small subunit. Eukaryotic ribosomes, known as 80S ribosomes, are larger, with a 60S large subunit and a 40S small subunit.
Step 4: Explore the differences in rRNA and protein content. Bacterial ribosomes have three types of rRNA (23S, 16S, and 5S) and about 55 proteins, whereas eukaryotic ribosomes have four types of rRNA (28S, 18S, 5.8S, and 5S) and around 80 proteins.
Step 5: Consider the differences in cellular location and function. In eukaryotes, ribosomes can be found in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum, forming the rough ER, which is involved in the synthesis of membrane-bound and secretory proteins. In bacteria, ribosomes are free-floating in the cytoplasm, as bacteria lack membrane-bound organelles.
Verified video answer for a similar problem:
This video solution was recommended by our tutors as helpful for the problem above.
Video duration:
3mWas this helpful?
Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Ribosome Structure
Ribosomes are complex molecular machines responsible for protein synthesis, composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. They consist of two subunits: a large subunit and a small subunit, which come together during translation. The size and composition of these subunits differ between bacterial and eukaryotic ribosomes, influencing their function and interaction with mRNA and tRNA.
Recommended video:
Guided course
03:49
Ribosome Structure
Differences in Ribosome Composition
Bacterial ribosomes (70S) are smaller than eukaryotic ribosomes (80S), with distinct rRNA and protein compositions. Bacterial ribosomes contain 16S rRNA in the small subunit and 23S and 5S rRNA in the large subunit, while eukaryotic ribosomes have 18S rRNA in the small subunit and 28S, 5.8S, and 5S rRNA in the large subunit. These differences affect their sensitivity to antibiotics and their overall function in protein synthesis.
Recommended video:
Guided course
03:49Ribosome Structure
Functional Implications
The structural differences between bacterial and eukaryotic ribosomes have significant functional implications. For instance, the unique features of eukaryotic ribosomes allow for more complex regulation of translation and the processing of mRNA, while bacterial ribosomes are adapted for rapid protein synthesis in prokaryotic cells. Understanding these differences is crucial for developing targeted antibiotics and studying cellular biology.
Recommended video:
Guided course
08:26Functional Genomics
Related Practice
Textbook Question
What is the role of codons UAA, UGA, and UAG in translation? What events occur when one of these codons appears at the A site of the ribosome?
Textbook Question
If a man and a woman are each heterozygous carriers of a mutation causing a disease on the RUSP list, what do you think are the three or four most important factors they should consider in their decision making about having children?
Textbook Question
Suppose a man and a woman are each heterozygous carriers of a mutation causing a fatal hereditary disease not on the RUSP list. Prenatal genetic testing can identify the genotype of a fetus with regard to this disease and can identify fetuses with the disease. What do you think are the three or four most important factors this couple should consider in their decision making about having children?
Textbook Question
Consider translation of the following mRNA sequence:
5′-...AUGCAGAUCCAUGCCUAUUGA...-3′
Diagram translation at the moment the fourth amino acid is added to the polypeptide chain. Show the ribosome; label its A, P, and E sites; show its direction of movement; and indicate the position and anticodon triplet sequence of tRNAs that are currently interacting with mRNA codons.
Textbook Question
Consider translation of the following mRNA sequence:
5′-...AUGCAGAUCCAUGCCUAUUGA...-3′
What is the anticodon triplet sequence of the next tRNA to interact with mRNA?
1
views