Textbook Question
Identify the amino acid carried by tRNAs with the following anticodon sequences.
5′-GAU-3′
Ch. 9 - The Molecular Biology of Translation
Sanders3rd EditionGenetic Analysis: An Integrated ApproachISBN: 9780135564172
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - The Molecular Basis of Heredity, Variation, and Evolution64
- Ch. 2 - Transmission Genetics144
- Ch. 3 - Cell Division and Chromosome Heredity81
- Ch. 4 - Gene Interaction87
- Ch. 5 - Genetic Linkage and Mapping in Eukaryotes103
- Ch. 6 - Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages73
- Ch. 7 - DNA Structure and Replication71
- Ch. 8 - Molecular Biology of Transcription and RNA Processing79
- Ch. 9 - The Molecular Biology of Translation110
- Ch. 10 - Eukaryotic Chromosome Abnormalities and Molecular Organization100
- Ch. 11 - Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and Homologous Recombination86
- Ch. 12 - Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria and Bacteriophage90
- Ch. 13 - Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes38
- Ch. 14 - Analysis of Gene Function via Forward Genetics and Reverse Genetics72
- Ch. 15 - Recombinant DNA Technology and Its Applications69
- Ch. 16 - Genomics: Genetics from a Whole-Genome Perspective49
- Ch. 17 - Organelle Inheritance and the Evolution of Organelle Genomes27
- Ch. 18 - Developmental Genetics43
- Ch. 19 - Genetic Analysis of Quantitative Traits66
- Ch. 20 - Population Genetics and Evolution at the Population, Species, and Molecular Levels105
Sanders3rd EditionGenetic Analysis: An Integrated ApproachISBN: 9780135564172Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 9, Problem B.9
If a man and a woman are each heterozygous carriers of a mutation causing a disease on the RUSP list, what do you think are the three or four most important factors they should consider in their decision making about having children?
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Understand that being heterozygous carriers means each parent has one normal allele and one mutated allele for the disease gene, which is typically autosomal recessive in nature.
Recognize that if both parents are carriers, there is a 25% chance with each pregnancy that the child will inherit two mutated alleles and be affected by the disease, a 50% chance the child will be a carrier like the parents, and a 25% chance the child will inherit two normal alleles.
Consider the severity and treatability of the disease on the RUSP list, including how it might affect the child's quality of life and life expectancy, as this impacts the decision-making process.
Evaluate available reproductive options such as genetic counseling, prenatal testing, preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), or the use of donor gametes to reduce the risk of having an affected child.
Reflect on personal, ethical, and emotional factors, including family support, values, and readiness to manage a child with a genetic condition, as these are crucial in making an informed decision.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Autosomal Recessive Inheritance
This inheritance pattern means that a child must inherit two copies of a mutated gene, one from each parent, to express the disease. Heterozygous carriers have one normal and one mutated allele and typically do not show symptoms but can pass the mutation to offspring. Understanding this helps assess the risk of having an affected child.
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Autosomal Pedigrees
Carrier Screening and Genetic Testing
Carrier screening identifies whether individuals carry mutations for specific genetic disorders, such as those on the RUSP list. Genetic testing can provide information about the likelihood of passing the disease to children, enabling informed reproductive decisions and consideration of options like IVF with genetic diagnosis.
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Reproductive Options and Counseling
Couples with carrier status should explore reproductive choices including natural conception with prenatal testing, use of donor gametes, adoption, or assisted reproductive technologies. Genetic counseling offers guidance on risks, implications, and emotional support to help make informed decisions aligned with their values.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
For each of the anticodon sequences given in the previous problem, identify the other codon sequence to which it could potentially pair using third base wobble.
Textbook Question
What is the role of codons UAA, UGA, and UAG in translation? What events occur when one of these codons appears at the A site of the ribosome?
Textbook Question
Compare and contrast the composition and structure of bacterial and eukaryotic ribosomes, identifying at least three features that are the same and three features that are unique to each type of ribosome.
Textbook Question
Suppose a man and a woman are each heterozygous carriers of a mutation causing a fatal hereditary disease not on the RUSP list. Prenatal genetic testing can identify the genotype of a fetus with regard to this disease and can identify fetuses with the disease. What do you think are the three or four most important factors this couple should consider in their decision making about having children?
Textbook Question
Consider translation of the following mRNA sequence:
5′-...AUGCAGAUCCAUGCCUAUUGA...-3′
Diagram translation at the moment the fourth amino acid is added to the polypeptide chain. Show the ribosome; label its A, P, and E sites; show its direction of movement; and indicate the position and anticodon triplet sequence of tRNAs that are currently interacting with mRNA codons.