Textbook Question
Compare methods for constructing homologous recombinant transgenic mice and yeast.
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Ch. 15 - Recombinant DNA Technology and Its Applications
Sanders3rd EditionGenetic Analysis: An Integrated ApproachISBN: 9780135564172
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - The Molecular Basis of Heredity, Variation, and Evolution64
- Ch. 2 - Transmission Genetics144
- Ch. 3 - Cell Division and Chromosome Heredity81
- Ch. 4 - Gene Interaction87
- Ch. 5 - Genetic Linkage and Mapping in Eukaryotes103
- Ch. 6 - Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages73
- Ch. 7 - DNA Structure and Replication71
- Ch. 8 - Molecular Biology of Transcription and RNA Processing79
- Ch. 9 - The Molecular Biology of Translation110
- Ch. 10 - Eukaryotic Chromosome Abnormalities and Molecular Organization100
- Ch. 11 - Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and Homologous Recombination86
- Ch. 12 - Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria and Bacteriophage90
- Ch. 13 - Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes38
- Ch. 14 - Analysis of Gene Function via Forward Genetics and Reverse Genetics72
- Ch. 15 - Recombinant DNA Technology and Its Applications69
- Ch. 16 - Genomics: Genetics from a Whole-Genome Perspective49
- Ch. 17 - Organelle Inheritance and the Evolution of Organelle Genomes27
- Ch. 18 - Developmental Genetics43
- Ch. 19 - Genetic Analysis of Quantitative Traits66
- Ch. 20 - Population Genetics and Evolution at the Population, Species, and Molecular Levels105
Sanders3rd EditionGenetic Analysis: An Integrated ApproachISBN: 9780135564172Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 15, Problem E.9
Additional STR allele frequency information can be added to improve the analysis in Problem 8. The frequency of D8S1179₁₂ = 0.12. The frequency of D16S539₁₈ = 0.08 and of D16S539₂₀ = 0.21. Lastly, D18S51₁₉ = 0.13 and D18S51₂₀ = 0.10. Combine the allele frequency information for these three STR genes with the information used in Problem 8 to calculate the frequency of the genotype for six of the STR genes.
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Identify the alleles for each of the three STR loci given: D8S1179 with allele 12 (frequency 0.12), D16S539 with alleles 18 (frequency 0.08) and 20 (frequency 0.21), and D18S51 with alleles 19 (frequency 0.13) and 20 (frequency 0.10).
Recall the allele frequencies from Problem 8 for the other three STR loci to have a total of six STR loci for the genotype frequency calculation.
Determine the genotype frequencies for each locus by applying the Hardy-Weinberg principle: for homozygous genotypes, use where is the allele frequency; for heterozygous genotypes, use where and are the frequencies of the two different alleles.
Calculate the genotype frequency for each of the six STR loci separately using the allele frequencies, including the new alleles provided for the three loci in this problem.
Multiply the genotype frequencies of all six STR loci together to obtain the combined genotype frequency for the six STR genes, assuming independence between loci.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Short Tandem Repeats (STRs)
STRs are repeating sequences of 2-6 base pairs of DNA that vary in length among individuals. They are highly polymorphic markers used in genetic profiling and forensic analysis. Each STR locus can have multiple alleles, and their frequencies in a population help calculate genotype probabilities.
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Duplications
Allele Frequency and Genotype Frequency
Allele frequency is the proportion of a specific allele among all alleles at a genetic locus in a population. Genotype frequency refers to the proportion of individuals with a particular combination of alleles. Calculating genotype frequency often involves combining allele frequencies, assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
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Multiplying Independent Loci Frequencies
When calculating the combined genotype frequency across multiple STR loci, the frequencies at each locus are multiplied together if loci are independent. This product gives the overall probability of observing a specific multi-locus genotype, which is essential in forensic and population genetics analyses.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Figure E.1 illustrates the results of an electrophoretic analysis of 13 CODIS STR markers on a DNA sample and identifies the alleles for each gene. Table E.2 lists the frequencies for alleles of three of the STRs shown in the figure. Use this information to calculate the frequency of the genotype for STR genes FGA, vWA, and D3S1358 given in Figure E.1.
Textbook Question
Chimeric gene-fusion products can be used for medical or industrial purposes. One idea is to produce biological therapeutics for human medical use in animals from which the products can be easily harvested—in the milk of sheep or cattle, for example. Outline how you would produce human insulin in the milk of sheep.
Textbook Question
Why are diseases of the blood simpler targets for treatment by gene therapy than are many other genetic diseases?
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Textbook Question
The frequencies of the four alleles contributed to the child by possible father F1 in Problem 7 are 0.18, 0.23, 0.13, and 0.14. Make a statement about the possible paternity of F1 based on this analysis.
Textbook Question
The frequencies of the four alleles contributed to the child by possible father F1 in Problem 7 are 0.18, 0.23, 0.13, and 0.14. Calculate the Combined Paternity Index (CPI) for the four genes in this analysis.
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