Women with X-linked disorders always pass the genes for the disorder on to ______. While men with X-linked 
disorders always pass the genes for the disorder on to _______.

Hemophilia is an X-linked disorder. The daughter of a father with hemophilia and a carrier mother has a __________ probability of having hemophilia.

Consider a woman who is a carrier of a recessive X-linked allele for hemophilia. Which of the following possibilities could explain the presence of the hemophilia allele in her genotype?

In a certain fish, fin rays (supporting structures for the fins) can be either bony or soft in adult fish. Sex linkage in a fish is similar to that in humans. What evidence would most strongly support the idea that the ray locus is on the X chromosome?

X-linked genes differ from Y-linked genes in which of the following ways?

A man with hemophilia (a recessive, sex-linked condition) has a daughter without the condition. She marries a man who does not have hemophilia. What is the probability that their daughter will have hemophilia? Their son? If they have four sons, what is the probability that all will be affected?

Pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy is an inherited disorder that causes gradual deterioration of the muscles. It is seen almost exclusively in boys born to apparently unaffected parents and usually results in death in the early teens. Is this disorder caused by a dominant or a recessive allele? Is its inheritance sex-linked or autosomal? How do you know? Explain why this disorder is almost never seen in girls.

A woman is a carrier of the X-linked recessive color blindness gene. She has children with a man with normal color vision. Which of the following is true of their offspring?a. All the males will be color blind;b. All the females will be carriers;c. Half the females will be color blind;d. Half the males will be color blind.

A fruit fly with a gray body and red eyes (genotype BbPp) is mated with a fly having a black body and purple eyes (genotype bbpp). What ratio of offspring would you expect if the body-color and eye-color genes are on different chromosomes (unlinked)? When this mating is actually carried out, most of the offspring look like the parents, but 3% have a gray body and purple eyes, and 3% have a black body and red eyes. Are these genes linked or unlinked? What is the recombination frequency?