Complete this map, which presents the three main topics of this chapter.

Which of the following is the most accurate and comprehensive description of the function of kidneys?

The functional units of kidneys are __________.

Which of the following is a tube that carries urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder in a mammal?

Unlike an earthworm's metanephridia, a mammalian nephrona. is intimately associated with a capillary network.b. functions in both osmoregulation and excretion.c. receives filtrate from blood instead of coelomic fluid.d. has a transport epithelium.

Which of the following statements regarding fishes that live in fresh water is/are correct? Select True or False for each statement.T/F Water moves across the gills via osmosis until equilibrium is established, at which time the water molecules stop moving.T/F They lose water to their environment primarily through the gills. They replace this water by drinking.T/F Water enters epithelial cells in their gills via osmosis. Electrolytes leave the same cells via diffusion.T/F They have specialized epithelia that actively pump electrolytes from the environment into the blood.

Which process in the nephron is least selective?a. filtrationb. reabsorptionc. active transportd. secretion

In this schematic of urine production in a nephron, label the four processes involved and list some of the substances that are moved in each process.

Which of the following organisms would lose the most water by osmosis across its gills?a. marine bony fishb. sharkc. freshwater fishd. freshwater invertebrate