Heart valves function to __________.

During exercise, the cardiovascular system must supply muscles with large amounts of oxygen and fuel and get rid of a lot of wastes. How do the cardiovascular systems of athletes respond to prolonged exercise?Researchers have also observed that athletes and non-athletes have the same mean resting cardiac output, even though athletes have a far lower resting heart rate. How is this possible?

SCIENTIFIC THINKING The studies described in Module 23.6 were funded by both government agencies and major pharmaceutical and medical supply companies. NIH grants for research on heart disease total more than $1.2 billion per year. Gather more information and form an opinion on how heart disease research should be funded, whether by private enterprises such as pharmaceutical companies, donor-supported nonprofit organizations, or government agencies. Write an essay arguing your point of view.

During exercise, the cardiovascular system must supply muscles with large amounts of oxygen and fuel and get rid of a lot of wastes. How do the cardiovascular systems of athletes respond to prolonged exercise?Athletes are not the only people with enlarged hearts. Many patients with cardiovascular disease also have enlarged hearts. Suggest a cause of this enlargement.

Which chamber(s) of a human heart receive(s) and pump(s) oxygenated blood?

What is the physiological cause of a heart attack?

Blood leaves the inferior vena cava and flows directly into the __________.

Pressure is greatest in the ventricles when __________.

The SA node generates an electrical impulse from its location in __________.