SCIENTIFIC THINKING The breakthrough that led Bateson and Punnett to recognize the existence of linked genes was the appearance of unexpected results after they crossed double heterozygous pea plants (PpLl) with each other. Imagine that you have a group of Labrador retrievers that are all heterozygous for both coat color and blindness (BbNn). If you used this group of dogs to produce 160 puppies, how many puppies of each phenotype do you expect to get if the genes are not linked? How would the results differ if the genes are in fact linked?

Calculate the probability of 2 heterozygous (Rr) parents having 3 homozygous recessive (rr) offspring.

What is the probability that a plant from a monohybrid cross of heterozygous parents, is homozygous dominant OR homozygous recessive?

A blue-eyed female that is homozygous recessive and a brown-eyed male that is heterozygous mate, producing two offspring. What is the probability that one child will have blue eyes AND one will have brown eyes? (Eye color is controlled by a single gene).

A homozygous dominant male has a child with a heterozygous female. What is the probability that the child will have the same genotype as its father OR its mother?