Multiple Choice
The shoot system of a prickly pear cactus consists of broad paddle-like structures covered with clusters of spines. The spines are modified leaves, so the flat green paddles must be modified versions of what structure?
33. Plant Anatomy
Roots and Shoots
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In most leaves, chloroplast-containing cells are most closely compacted in the __________.
A
vein (vascular bundle)
B
upper epidermis
C
lower epidermis
D
pith
E
palisade mesophyll
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the structure of a typical leaf: A leaf generally consists of several layers, including the upper epidermis, palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll, and lower epidermis.
Identify the role of chloroplasts: Chloroplasts are the organelles responsible for photosynthesis, and they are most abundant in cells that are exposed to light.
Recognize the function of the palisade mesophyll: The palisade mesophyll is a layer of cells located beneath the upper epidermis. These cells are elongated and tightly packed to maximize light absorption for photosynthesis.
Compare the palisade mesophyll with other leaf structures: The spongy mesophyll, located below the palisade layer, has loosely packed cells to facilitate gas exchange, while the upper and lower epidermis serve as protective layers with fewer chloroplasts.
Conclude that the palisade mesophyll is the layer where chloroplast-containing cells are most closely compacted, optimizing the leaf's ability to capture sunlight for photosynthesis.
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