Cite an example to explain why species interactions are conditional and dynamic.

The principle of competitive exclusion states thata. two species cannot coexist in the same habitat.b. competition between two species always causes extinction or emigration of one species.c. two species that have exactly the same niche cannot coexist in a community.d. two species will stop reproducing until one species leaves the habitat.

The relationship between corals and the photosynthetic protists they harbor is an example ofa. commensalism.b. competition.c. consumption.d. mutualism

What is true about inducible defenses? Select True or False for each statement.T/F They are always present; thus, an individual is always able to defend itself.T/F They make it impossible for a consumer to launch surprise attacks.T/F They result from a coevolutionary arms race.T/F They make efficient use of resources, because they are produced only when needed.

To ensure adequate nitrogen for a crop, a farmer would want to decrease _________ by soil bacteria.a. nitrificationb. denitrificationc. nitrogen fixationd. a and c

Evaluate this statement: Species want to increase their fitness by helping friendly species and hurting enemy species.

Explain how seed dispersal by animals is an example of mutualism in some cases.

Which of the following is an example of a mutualistic relationship?a. moles catching and eating earthworms from the moles' underground tunnels;b. cattails and reed canary grass growing together in wetland soils;c. cleaner fish removing and eating parasites from the teeth of sharks;d. Colorado potato beetles consuming potato plant leaves;e. more than one of the above

In some circumstances, the use of probiotics, which stimulate the rapid growth of bacteria that are mutualistic or commensal with humans, can eliminate the need to use antibiotics, which can wipe out helpful bacteria along with harmful bacteria. The use of probiotics is an example of which process?a. successionb. competitive exclusionc. parasitismd. niche differentiation