Multiple Choice
In descriptions of synapse organization, which type of cell is the transmitting neuron, and which type of neuron, muscle, or gland cell receives the signal?
45. Nervous System
Neurons and Action Potentials
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Which of the following statements about the resting potential is true?
A
The neuron's plasma membrane is much more permeable to sodium than to potassium.
B
The concentration of sodium is much higher inside the cell than outside.
C
The chloride-hydrogen pump plays a role in maintaining the resting potential.
D
All of the listed responses are correct.
E
Inside the cell, the concentration of potassium is much higher than the concentration of sodium.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the concept of resting potential: Resting potential is the electrical potential difference across the plasma membrane of a neuron when it is not actively sending a signal. It is typically around -70 mV in neurons.
Identify the key ions involved: The main ions that contribute to the resting potential are sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), and chloride (Cl-).
Examine ion permeability: The neuron's plasma membrane is more permeable to potassium ions (K+) than to sodium ions (Na+). This is due to the presence of more potassium channels that are open at rest.
Consider ion concentration gradients: Inside the cell, the concentration of potassium ions (K+) is much higher than outside, while the concentration of sodium ions (Na+) is much higher outside the cell than inside.
Evaluate the role of ion pumps: The sodium-potassium pump (Na+/K+ ATPase) helps maintain the resting potential by actively transporting 3 Na+ ions out of the cell and 2 K+ ions into the cell, contributing to the concentration gradients and electrical charge difference.
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