Chemicals produced by virus-infected cells that alert neighboring cells to prepare a defense are called __________.

In humans, the first line of defense against infection is __________.

In insects, which of the following is analogous to mammalian epithelial tissue, in that it serves as a first line of defense against infection?

Which of the following cells are part of the innate, second line of defense?

If microorganisms penetrate the innate defenses, an inflammatory response may be initiated by the __________.

Local swelling, increased blood flow, and fever are all parts of __________.

Which of the following is part of the inflammatory response?

Which of the following is an immediate function of histamine?

The overall role of the inflammatory response is toa. contain and eliminate foreign cells and material at the site of infection.b. increase heat at the site of infection to activate enzymes used in the immune response.c. produce antibodies that bind to and eliminate invading cells.d. increase blood flow at the site of a wound to flush out invading pathogens.