Three of the following are evidence that charophytes are the closest algal relatives of plants. Select the exception.a. similar sperm structureb. the presence of chloroplastsc. similarities in cell wall formation during cell divisiond. genetic similarities in chloroplasts

A major division in plant systematics is based on whether a particular species has __________.

What structures allow plants to readily take up carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?

Heterosporous plants produce __________.

Ferns and mosses are limited mostly to moist environments because __________.

In this abbreviated diagram, identify the four major plant groups and the key terrestrial adaptation associated with each of the three major branch points.

What important role does lignin play in vascular plants?a. It is the major component of the cuticle, which prevents plants from drying out.b. It forms the outer layer of pollen grains.c. It forms the tough, rigid cell walls of water-conducting cells.d. It nourishes the embryo in seed plants.

How is energy transferred among antenna pigment molecules?a. by heatb. by redox reactionsc. by fluorescenced. by resonance

Which of the following characteristics of plants is absent in their closest relatives, the charophyte algae?a. chlorophyll bb. cellulose in cell wallsc. sexual reproductiond. alternation of multicellular generations