Multiple Choice
You are studying how a hormone affects a cell and find that when oxytocin binds the receptor, the intracellular concentration increases. Based on this information, what could you logically conclude about this cell and hormone?
16. The Endocrine System
Membrane Bound Receptors and Secondary Messengers
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How do protein kinases affect enzymes?
A
They increase the secretion of an enzyme.
B
They phosphorylate an enzyme.
C
They break down an enzyme.
D
They increase the release of an enzyme.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the role of protein kinases: Protein kinases are enzymes that modify other proteins by chemically adding phosphate groups to them, a process known as phosphorylation.
Recognize the impact of phosphorylation: Phosphorylation can change the activity of an enzyme, often activating or deactivating its function, which can alter the enzyme's role in cellular processes.
Identify the mechanism: Protein kinases transfer a phosphate group from ATP (adenosine triphosphate) to specific amino acids in the enzyme, typically serine, threonine, or tyrosine residues.
Consider the effects on enzyme activity: Phosphorylation can lead to conformational changes in the enzyme structure, affecting its ability to bind substrates or interact with other molecules.
Evaluate the broader implications: By regulating enzyme activity, protein kinases play a crucial role in controlling various cellular pathways, including metabolism, cell division, and signal transduction.
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