Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart2h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

16. The Endocrine System

Membrane Bound Receptors and Secondary Messengers

Anatomy & Physiology

16. The Endocrine System

Membrane Bound Receptors and Secondary Messengers

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Multiple Choice

Steroid hormones influence cellular activities by __________.

activating G proteins

binding to DNA and forming a gene-hormone complex

using calcium ions as a second messenger

activating cyclic AMP located outside the cell

activating cyclic AMP located inside the cell

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the nature of steroid hormones: Steroid hormones are lipid-soluble molecules derived from cholesterol. This solubility allows them to easily pass through cell membranes.

Recognize the mechanism of action: Once inside the cell, steroid hormones typically bind to specific receptor proteins located in the cytoplasm or nucleus.

Form a gene-hormone complex: The hormone-receptor complex then binds to specific DNA sequences, influencing gene expression by acting as a transcription factor.

Consider the effects on cellular activities: By altering gene expression, steroid hormones can regulate various cellular functions, such as protein synthesis, cell growth, and metabolism.

Differentiate from other signaling mechanisms: Unlike peptide hormones that often use second messengers like cyclic AMP or calcium ions, steroid hormones directly affect gene transcription, leading to changes in cellular activities.