Cyclic AMP functions as a second messenger to (a) build proteins and catalyze specific reactions, (b) activate adenylate cyclase, (c) open ion channels and activate key enzymes in the cytoplasm, (d) bind the hormone–receptor complex to DNA segments.

How do protein kinases affect enzymes?

Which of the following is true about water-soluble hormones?

The transcription of new messenger RNA is a function of __________.

Some hormones act bya. increasing the synthesis of enzymes,b. converting an inactive enzyme into an active enzyme,c. affecting only specific target organs,d. all of these.

How would blocking the activity of phosphodiesterase (PDE) affect a cell that responds to hormonal stimulation by the cAMP second messenger system?

A researcher observes that stimulation by a particular hormone induces a marked increase in the activity of G proteins in the target plasma membrane. The hormone being studied is probably (a) a steroid, (b) a peptide, (c) testosterone, (d) estrogen, (e) aldosterone.