9. Hypothesis Testing for One Sample

Smoking Cessation Programs

b. Does the difference between the success rate of the sustained care program and the standard care program appear to have practical significance?

In Exercises 1–10, based on the nature of the given data, do the following:

a. Pose a key question that is relevant to the given data.

b. Identify a procedure or tool from this chapter or the preceding chapters to address the key question from part (a).

c. Analyze the data and state a conclusion.

Video Games In a survey of subjects aged 18–29, subjects were asked if they play video games often or sometimes. Among 984 females, 49% answered “yes” (based on data from a Pew Research Center survey).

In Exercises 1–10, based on the nature of the given data, do the following:

a. Pose a key question that is relevant to the given data.

b. Identify a procedure or tool from this chapter or the preceding chapters to address the key question from part (a).

c. Analyze the data and state a conclusion.

Video Games In a survey of subjects aged 18–29, subjects were asked if they play video games often or sometimes. Among 1017 males, 72% answered “yes.” Among 984 females, 49% answered “yes” (based on data from a Pew Research Center survey).

In Exercises 1–10, based on the nature of the given data, do the following:

a. Pose a key question that is relevant to the given data.

b. Identify a procedure or tool from this chapter or the preceding chapters to address the key question from part (a).

c. Analyze the data and state a conclusion.

IQ Scores of Twins Listed below are IQ scores of twins listed in Data Set 12 “IQ and Brain Size” in Appendix B. The data are pairs of IQ scores from ten different families.

Smoking Cessation Programs Among 198 smokers who underwent a “sustained care” program, 51 were no longer smoking after six months. Among 199 smokers who underwent a “standard care” program, 30 were no longer smoking after six months (based on data from “Sustained Care Intervention and Postdischarge Smoking Cessation Among Hospitalized Adults,” by Rigotti et al., Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 312, No. 7). We want to use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that the rate of success for smoking cessation is greater with the sustained care program. Test the claim using a hypothesis test.

Randomization: Testing a Claim About a Proportion

In Exercises 5–8, use the randomization procedure for the indicated exercise.

Section 8-2, Exercise 9 “Cursed Movie”

Randomization: Testing a Claim About a Mean

In Exercises 9–12, use the randomization procedure for the indicated exercise.

Section 8-3, Exercise 21 “Lead in Medicine”

Dogs Detecting Malaria The following table lists results from an experiment designed to test the ability of dogs to use their extraordinary sense of smell to detect malaria in samples of children’s socks (based on data presented at an annual meeting of the American Society of Tropical Medicine, by principal investigator Steve Lindsay). Assuming that the dog being correct is independent of whether malaria is present, find the expected value for the observed frequency of 123.

Identifying Hypotheses Refer to the data given in Exercise 1 and assume that the requirements are all satisfied and we want to conduct a hypothesis test of independence using the methods of this section. Identify the null and alternative hypotheses.

Body Temperatures Listed below are body temperatures from six different subjects measured at two different times in a day (from Data Set 5 “Body Temperatures” in Appendix B).

b. Identify the null and alternative hypotheses for using the sample data to test the claim that the differences between 8 AM temperatures and 12 AM temperatures are from a population with a mean equal to 0°F

Test Values p_cap1, p_cap2. Find the values of and the pooled proportion p_bar obtained when testing the claim given in Exercise 1.

Identifying Hypotheses In a randomized clinical trial of adults with an acute sore throat, 288 were treated with the drug dexamethasone and 102 of them experienced complete resolution; 277 were treated with a placebo and 75 of them experienced complete resolution (based on data from “Effect of Oral Dexamethasone Without Immediate Antibiotics vs Placebo on Acute Sore Throat in Adults,” by Hayward et al., Journal of the American Medical Association). Identify the null and alternative hypotheses corresponding to the claim that patients treated with dexamethasone and patients given a placebo have the same rate of complete resolution.

Randomization: Testing a Claim About a Mean

In Exercises 9–12, use the randomization procedure for the indicated exercise.

Section 8-3, Exercise 23 “Cell Phone Radiation”

Perception and Reality In a presidential election, 308 out of 611 voters surveyed said that they voted for the candidate who won (based on data from ICR Survey Research Group). Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that among all voters, the percentage who believe that they voted for the winning candidate is equal to 43%, which is the actual percentage of votes for the winning candidate. What does the result suggest about voter perceptions?

Test for Normality For the hypothesis test described in Exercise 2, the sample sizes are n1 = 2208 and n2 = 1986 When using the F test with these data, is it correct to reason that there is no need to check for normality because both samples have sizes that are greater than 30?