Textbook Question
Where does the citric acid cycle occur in eukaryotes? a. in the cytosol of cells b. in the intermembrane space of mitochondria c. in the inner membrane of mitochondria d. in the matrix of mitochondria
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Ch. 9 - Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
Freeman8th EditionBiological ScienceISBN: 9780138276263
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - Biology: The Study of Life13
- Ch. 2 - Water and Carbon: The Chemical Basis of Life14
- Ch.3 - Protein Structure and Function10
- Ch.4 - Nucleic Acids and the RNA World10
- Ch. 5 - An Introduction to Carbohydrates10
- Ch. 6 - Lipids, Membranes, and the First Cells11
- Ch. 7 - Inside the Cell10
- Ch. 8 - Energy and Enzymes: An Introduction to Metabolism10
- Ch. 9 - Cellular Respiration and Fermentation11
- Ch. 10 - Photosynthesis12
- Ch. 11 - Cell-Cell Interactions12
- Ch. 12 - The Cell Cycle8
- Ch. 13 - Meiosis12
- Ch. 14 - Mendel and the Gene23
- Ch. 15 - DNA and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair15
- Ch. 16 - How Genes Work16
- Ch. 17 - Transcription, RNA Processing, and Translation16
- Ch. 18 - Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria16
- Ch. 19 - Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes12
- Ch. 20 - The Molecular Revolution: Biotechnology, Genomics, and New Frontiers15
- Ch. 21 - Genes, Development, and Evolution12
- Ch. 22 - Evolution by Natural Selection16
- Ch. 23 - Evolutionary Processes13
- Ch. 24 - Speciation15
- Ch. 25 - Phylogenies and the History of Life13
- Ch. 26 - Bacteria and Archaea15
- Ch. 27 - Diversification of Eukaryotes16
- Ch. 28 - Green Algae and Land Plants16
- Ch. 29 - Fungi18
- Ch. 30 - An Introduction to Animals9
- Ch. 31 - Protostome Animals15
- Ch. 32 - Deuterostome Animals17
- Ch. 33 - Viruses16
- Ch. 34 - Plant Form and Function16
- Ch. 35 - Water and Sugar Transport in Plants16
- Ch. 36 - Plant Nutrition13
- Ch. 37 - Plant Sensory Systems, Signals, and Responses16
- Ch. 38 - Flowering Plant Reproduction and Development16
- Ch. 39 - Animal Form and Function17
- Ch. 40 - Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals16
- Ch. 41 - Animal Nutrition16
- Ch. 42 - Gas Exchange and Circulation16
- Ch. 43 - Animal Nervous Systems16
- Ch. 44 - Animal Sensory Systems16
- Ch. 45 - Animal Movement11
- Ch. 46 - Chemical Signals in Animals16
- Ch. 47 - Animal Reproduction and Development16
- Ch. 48 - The Immune System in Animals16
- Ch. 49 - An Introduction to Ecology15
- Ch. 50 - Behavioral Ecology16
- Ch. 51 - Population Ecology16
- Ch. 52 - Community Ecology20
- Ch. 53 - Ecosystems and Global Ecology17
- Ch. 54 - Biodiversity and Conservation Ecology18
Chapter 9, Problem 4
Which of the following correctly describe the fermentation pathway? Select True or False for each statement.
T/FIt includes a reaction that oxidizes NADH to NAD+.
T/FIt synthesizes ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation.
T/FIt includes a reaction that reduces NAD+ to NADH.
T/FIt synthesizes electron acceptors, so that cellular respiration can continue.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand that fermentation is an anaerobic process that allows glycolysis to continue by regenerating NAD+ from NADH.
Recognize that during fermentation, NADH is oxidized to NAD+ to ensure a continuous supply of NAD+ for glycolysis. This statement is True.
Identify that ATP is synthesized during fermentation through substrate-level phosphorylation, which occurs during glycolysis. This statement is True.
Note that fermentation does not include a reaction that reduces NAD+ to NADH; instead, it oxidizes NADH to NAD+. This statement is False.
Understand that fermentation does not synthesize electron acceptors for cellular respiration; it provides a way to regenerate NAD+ without oxygen. This statement is False.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Fermentation Pathway
Fermentation is a metabolic process that converts sugar to acids, gases, or alcohol in the absence of oxygen. It allows cells to regenerate NAD+ from NADH, enabling glycolysis to continue producing ATP. Unlike cellular respiration, fermentation does not involve the electron transport chain or oxidative phosphorylation.
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Alcohol Fermentation
NAD+/NADH Cycle
NAD+ and NADH are crucial coenzymes in cellular metabolism. During glycolysis and fermentation, NAD+ is reduced to NADH, capturing electrons. Fermentation pathways regenerate NAD+ by oxidizing NADH, ensuring a continuous supply for glycolysis, which is essential for ATP production in anaerobic conditions.
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05:22Electron Carriers: NADH & FADH2
Substrate-Level Phosphorylation
Substrate-level phosphorylation is a method of ATP synthesis that occurs directly in metabolic pathways like glycolysis and fermentation. It involves the transfer of a phosphate group from a phosphorylated intermediate to ADP, forming ATP. This process is distinct from oxidative phosphorylation, which occurs in the mitochondria during aerobic respiration.
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03:00Substrate-Level Phosphorylation
Related Practice
Textbook Question
What does the chemiosmotic hypothesis claim?
a. ATP is generated using phosphates taken from intermediates in the electron transport chain.
b. ATP is generated using a phosphate gradient produced by glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
c. ATP is generated using a proton-motive force that is produced by the electron transport chain.
d. Water is generated using electrons taken from NADH and FADH2 and transported through the electron transport chain.
Textbook Question
After glucose is fully oxidized by glycolysis, pyruvate processing, and the citric acid cycle, where is most of its energy stored?
Textbook Question
Compare and contrast substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation.
Textbook Question
If you were to expose cells that are undergoing aerobic respiration to a radioactive oxygen isotope in the form of O2, which of the following molecules would you expect to be radiolabeled?
a. Pyruvate
b. Water
c. NADH
d. CO2
Textbook Question
In step 3 of the citric acid cycle, the enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase is regulated by NADH. Compare and contrast the regulation of this enzyme with the regulation of phosphofructokinase in glycolysis.
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