Textbook Question
Where does the citric acid cycle occur in eukaryotes? a. in the cytosol of cells b. in the intermembrane space of mitochondria c. in the inner membrane of mitochondria d. in the matrix of mitochondria
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Ch. 9 - Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
Freeman8th EditionBiological ScienceISBN: 9780138276263
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - Biology: The Study of Life13
- Ch. 2 - Water and Carbon: The Chemical Basis of Life14
- Ch.3 - Protein Structure and Function10
- Ch.4 - Nucleic Acids and the RNA World10
- Ch. 5 - An Introduction to Carbohydrates10
- Ch. 6 - Lipids, Membranes, and the First Cells11
- Ch. 7 - Inside the Cell10
- Ch. 8 - Energy and Enzymes: An Introduction to Metabolism10
- Ch. 9 - Cellular Respiration and Fermentation11
- Ch. 10 - Photosynthesis12
- Ch. 11 - Cell-Cell Interactions12
- Ch. 12 - The Cell Cycle8
- Ch. 13 - Meiosis12
- Ch. 14 - Mendel and the Gene23
- Ch. 15 - DNA and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair15
- Ch. 16 - How Genes Work16
- Ch. 17 - Transcription, RNA Processing, and Translation16
- Ch. 18 - Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria16
- Ch. 19 - Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes12
- Ch. 20 - The Molecular Revolution: Biotechnology, Genomics, and New Frontiers15
- Ch. 21 - Genes, Development, and Evolution12
- Ch. 22 - Evolution by Natural Selection16
- Ch. 23 - Evolutionary Processes13
- Ch. 24 - Speciation15
- Ch. 25 - Phylogenies and the History of Life13
- Ch. 26 - Bacteria and Archaea15
- Ch. 27 - Diversification of Eukaryotes16
- Ch. 28 - Green Algae and Land Plants16
- Ch. 29 - Fungi18
- Ch. 30 - An Introduction to Animals9
- Ch. 31 - Protostome Animals15
- Ch. 32 - Deuterostome Animals17
- Ch. 33 - Viruses16
- Ch. 34 - Plant Form and Function16
- Ch. 35 - Water and Sugar Transport in Plants16
- Ch. 36 - Plant Nutrition13
- Ch. 37 - Plant Sensory Systems, Signals, and Responses16
- Ch. 38 - Flowering Plant Reproduction and Development16
- Ch. 39 - Animal Form and Function17
- Ch. 40 - Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals16
- Ch. 41 - Animal Nutrition16
- Ch. 42 - Gas Exchange and Circulation16
- Ch. 43 - Animal Nervous Systems16
- Ch. 44 - Animal Sensory Systems16
- Ch. 45 - Animal Movement11
- Ch. 46 - Chemical Signals in Animals16
- Ch. 47 - Animal Reproduction and Development16
- Ch. 48 - The Immune System in Animals16
- Ch. 49 - An Introduction to Ecology15
- Ch. 50 - Behavioral Ecology16
- Ch. 51 - Population Ecology16
- Ch. 52 - Community Ecology20
- Ch. 53 - Ecosystems and Global Ecology17
- Ch. 54 - Biodiversity and Conservation Ecology18
Chapter 9, Problem 2
What does the chemiosmotic hypothesis claim?
a. ATP is generated using phosphates taken from intermediates in the electron transport chain.
b. ATP is generated using a phosphate gradient produced by glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
c. ATP is generated using a proton-motive force that is produced by the electron transport chain.
d. Water is generated using electrons taken from NADH and FADH2 and transported through the electron transport chain.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the chemiosmotic hypothesis: It is a scientific theory that explains how ATP is generated in the mitochondria during cellular respiration.
Recognize the role of the electron transport chain: The electron transport chain creates a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Identify the proton-motive force: The proton gradient generates a proton-motive force, which is essential for ATP synthesis.
Connect the proton-motive force to ATP synthesis: ATP synthase uses the energy from the proton-motive force to convert ADP and inorganic phosphate into ATP.
Evaluate the options: Based on the chemiosmotic hypothesis, identify the correct statement that describes ATP generation using the proton-motive force produced by the electron transport chain.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Chemiosmotic Hypothesis
The chemiosmotic hypothesis, proposed by Peter Mitchell, explains how ATP is generated in mitochondria. It suggests that the electron transport chain creates a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. This gradient, known as the proton-motive force, drives the synthesis of ATP as protons flow back into the mitochondrial matrix through ATP synthase.
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Predictions, Hypotheses, & Theories
Electron Transport Chain
The electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of protein complexes located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It transfers electrons from electron donors like NADH and FADH2 to oxygen, the final electron acceptor. This process releases energy, which is used to pump protons across the membrane, creating a proton gradient essential for ATP production.
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Proton-Motive Force
The proton-motive force is the energy stored in the form of a proton gradient across a membrane. In mitochondria, it is generated by the electron transport chain as protons are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space. This force drives protons back into the matrix through ATP synthase, facilitating the conversion of ADP and inorganic phosphate into ATP.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
After glucose is fully oxidized by glycolysis, pyruvate processing, and the citric acid cycle, where is most of its energy stored?
Textbook Question
Which of the following correctly describe the fermentation pathway? Select True or False for each statement.
T/FIt includes a reaction that oxidizes NADH to NAD+.
T/FIt synthesizes ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation.
T/FIt includes a reaction that reduces NAD+ to NADH.
T/FIt synthesizes electron acceptors, so that cellular respiration can continue.
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Textbook Question
Compare and contrast substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation.